Table 1 Characteristics of the subjects

Age (years)

19.06 ± 1.14

19.17 ± 1.24

19.00 ± 1.09

2.839

0.005

Education level (n, %)

 Junior College

552 (33.3)

93 (16.7)

459 (41.7)

104.184

 < 0.001

 Undergraduate

1108 (66.7)

465 (83.3)

643 (58.3)

 Weight (kg)

56.73 ± 10.87

64.32 ± 11.48

52.89 ± 8.21

23.316

 < 0.001

 Height (cm)

166.13 ± 7.91

174.29 ± 5.73

162.00 ± 5.18

44.025

 < 0.001

 BMI (kg/m²)

20.48 ± 3.12

21.15 ± 3.50

20.13 ± 2.85

6.367

 < 0.001

 WC (cm)

74.67 ± 8.39

77.46 ± 9.81

73.25 ± 7.17

9.935

 < 0.001

 ASM (kg)

18.30 ± 4.29

23.30 ± 2.89

15.76 ± 2.09

60.631

 < 0.001

 ASM %

0.32 ± 0.04

0.37 ± 0.04

0.30 ± 0.03

42.029

 < 0.001

 FM (kg)

13.92 ± 6.05

11.72 ± 6.78

15.04 ± 5.30

-10.941

 < 0.001

 Soft Lean Mass

40.36 ± 8.10

49.71 ± 5.95

35.63 ± 3.78

58.615

 < 0.001

 FMR

0.36 ± 0.15

0.23 ± 0.12

0.42 ± 0.12

-29.479

 < 0.001

 Cholesterol (\(\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}\))

4.56 ± 1.02

4.66 ± 1.01

4.50 ± 1.01

3.162

0.002

 HDL-C (\(\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}\))

1.38 ± 0.34

1.31 ± 0.32

1.42 ± 0.35

-6.336

 < 0.001

 LDL-C (\(\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}\))

1.00 ± 0.33

0.98 ± 0.30

1.00 ± 0.34

-1.213

0.225

 Triglycerides (\(\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}\))

0.95 ± 0.50

1.08 ± 0.61

0.89 ± 0.42

7.279

 < 0.001

 Glucose (\(\mathrm{mmol}/\mathrm{L}\))

4.68 ± 0.61

4.73 ± 0.63

4.66 ± 0.60

2.210

 < 0.001

 Dyslipidaemia (n, %)

223 (13.4)

102 (18.3)

121 (11.0)

16.973

 < 0.001

 Smoking (n, %)

69 (4.2)

68 (12.2)

1 (0.1)

135.931

 < 0.001

 Alcohol intake (n, %)

33 (2.0)

26 (4.7)

7 (0.6)

30.753

 < 0.001

Physical activity (n, %)

 Low

365 (22.0)

89 (15.9)

276 (25.0)

48.064

 < 0.001

 Medium

567 (34.1)

159 (28.5)

408 (37.1)

 High

728 (43.9)

310 (55.6)

418 (37.9)