Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels—a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals

Table 3 Differences in bile acids after a three-day intervention with SFA and PUFA

	SFA			PUFA
Bile acid (nM)	Day 1	Day 4	p¹	Day 1	Day 4	p¹	p²
Cholic acid (CA)	27.6 (20.2–111.2)	26.2 (12.2–299.0)	0.723	84.5 (14.2–239.4)	24.0 (8.7–83.5)	0.193	0.102
Deoxycholic acid (DCA)	244.9 (117.5–496.6)	275.0 (143.2–404.8)	0.332	253.0 (170.2–539.0)	207.7 (161.8–311.6)	0.113	0.124
Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)	116.0 (61.9–194.9)	65.0 (35.9–284.6)	0.653	135.9 (65.3–315.7)	82.7 (17.0–216.4)	0.193	0.068
Taurocholic acid (TCA)	3.6 (1.5–7.8)	2.3 (0.6–4.1)	0.039	3.4 (1.9–14.5)	2.7 (1.4–8.3)	0.237	0.868
Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA)	26.9 (11.2–46.6)	18.9 (6.5–38.7)	0.177	25.6 (11.4–72.0)	17.7 (14.0–33.7)	0.193	0.586
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA)	46.6 (24.6–99.7)	43.1 (18.1–64.9)	0.062	60.3 (34.2–101.3)	54.6 (19.5–90.2)	0.163	0.831
Glycocholic acid (GCA)	47.4 (33.2–99.0)	32.3 (17.2–72.1)	0.013	58.3 (27.6–112.3)	53.8 (15.7–90.1)	0.287	0.869
Glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA)	153.4 (76.4–236.8)	99.0 (50.5–205.8)	0.124	162.0 (74.2–285.3)	121.6 (62.9–165.5)	0.017	0.210
Glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA)	549.2 (219.6–724.7)	300.6 (222.3–491.1)	0.028	442.4 (248.6–763.0)	443.8 (108.8–585.9)	0.025	0.653

Data is given as median (25^th—75^th percentiles). P-values indicate differences within (p¹) or between (p²) SFA and PUFA interventions calculated with Wilcoxon signed rank test
nM Nanomolar, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA Saturated fatty acids

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