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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients stratified by the primary endpoint

From: Triglyceride-glucose index level and variability and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational cohort study

 

Total

No-MACCE

MACCE

P value

(n = 1694)

(n = 1594)

(n = 100)

Age (y)

57.8 ± 9.7

57.7 ± 9.7

59 ± 9.8

0.182

Sex, male

1339 (79.0)

1261 (79.1)

78 (78.0)

0.792

BMI, kg/m2

26 ± 3.1

26 ± 3.1

26.4 ± 3.3

0.181

Risk factors, n (%)

 Hypertension

1025 (60.5)

961 (60.3)

64 (64.0)

0.461

 Dyslipidemia

958 (56.6)

895 (56.1)

63 (63.0)

0.180

 Diabetes mellitus

618 (36.5)

566 (35.5)

52 (52.0)

0.001

 Current smoker

489 (28.9)

453 (28.4)

36 (36.0)

0.105

Medical history, n (%)

 Prior MI

229 (13.5)

204 (12.8)

25 (25.0)

0.001

 Prior PCI

261 (15.4)

236 (14.8)

25 (25.0)

0.006

 Prior CABG

23 (1.4)

18 (1.1)

5 (5.0)

0.001

 Prior stroke

104 (6.1)

97 (6.1)

7 (7.0)

0.712

 PAD

30 (1.8)

28 (1.8)

2 (2.0)

1.000

 CKD

17 (1.0)

16 (1.0)

1 (1.0)

1.000

 ACS type, n (%)

   

0.954

 STEMI

327 (19.3)

309 (19.4)

18 (18.0)

 

 NSTEMI

253 (14.9)

237 (14.9)

16 (16.0)

 

 Unstable angina

1114 (65.8)

1049 (65.8)

65 (65.0)

 

Procedure characteristics

 Lesion vessel number

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

2.0 (1.0, 3.0)

0.139

 Lesion complexity, n (%)

 Left main lesion

141 (8.3)

137 (8.6)

4 (4.0)

0.107

 Bifurcation lesion

181 (10.7)

169 (10.6)

12 (12.0)

0.661

 CTO

289 (17.1)

268 (16.8)

21 (21.0)

0.280

 Target vessel territory, n (%)

 Left main

96 (5.7)

95 (6.0)

1 (1.0)

0.037

 LAD

1012 (59.7)

962 (60.3)

50 (50.0)

0.041

 LCX

466 (27.5)

435 (27.3)

31 (31.0)

0.420

 RCA

564 (33.3)

522 (32.7)

42 (42.0)

0.057

 Multivessel intervention, n (%)

384 (22.7)

364 (22.8)

20 (20.0)

0.511

 Stent number

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

1.0 (1.0, 2.0)

1.5 (1.0, 3.0)

0.417

 Mean stent diameter, mm

3.0 ± 0.4

3.0 ± 0.4

2.9 ± 0.4

0.026

 Total stent length, mm

35.0 (23.0, 58.0)

35.0 (23.0, 58.0)

36.0 (24.0, 63.5)

0.577

Laboratory results

 Baseline LDL-C, mg/dL

95.1 (73.9, 122.6)

95.1 (74.3, 122.2)

94.9 (76.8, 125.7)

0.455

 Baseline HDL-C, mg/dL

42.1 ± 9.7

42.2 ± 9.8

40.6 ± 9.2

0.114

 Baseline TC, mg/dL

166.5 ± 42.9

166.5 ± 43.2

166.7 ± 39.3

0.955

 Baseline TG, mg/dL

124.8 (89.4, 176.1)

115.1 (85.9, 161.3)

119.9 (92.9, 163.1)

0.399

 Baseline FPG, mg/dL

104.6 (93.8, 124.6)

104.2 (93.6, 124.0)

112.2 (97.7, 152.4)

0.004

 Baseline HbA1c, %

6.4 ± 1.3

6.4 ± 1.3

6.7 ± 1.3

0.010

 Baseline creatinine, μmol/L

71.7 ± 16.6

71.7 ± 16.6

71.4 ± 15.7

0.865

 Baseline uric acid, μmol/L

355.4 ± 86.9

355.6 ± 87.3

352.8 ± 80.1

0.752

 Baseline TyG index

8.82 (8.45, 9.24)

8.82 (8.44, 9.23)

8.97 (8.59, 9.42)

0.027

 Mean follow-up TyG index

8.73 (8.42, 9.05)

8.72 (8.40, 9.04)

8.96 (8.55, 9.28)

 < 0.001

 TyG index-SD

0.20 (0.12, 0.29)

0.20 (0.12, 0.29)

0.23 (0.15, 0.32)

0.025

 LVEF, %

61.4 ± 7.8

61.5 ± 7.8

60.5 ± 8.0

0.217

Medications at discharge, n (%)

 Aspirin

1694 (100.0)

1594 (100.0)

100 (100.0)

NA

  Ticagrelor

1694 (100.0)

1594 (100.0)

100 (100.0)

NA

 DAPT interruption in 12 months

550 (32.5)

516 (32.4)

34 (34.0)

0.736

 Statin

1674 (98.8)

1575 (98.8)

99 (99.0)

1.000

 Ezetimibe

290 (17.1)

273 (17.1)

17 (17.0)

0.974

 β-receptor blocker

946 (55.8)

879 (55.1)

67 (67.0)

0.021

 ACEI/ARB

881 (52.0)

822 (51.6)

59 (59.0)

0.149

 Calcium-channel antagonist

430 (25.4)

409 (25.7)

21 (21.0)

0.299

 Oral hypoglycemic agents

379 (22.4)

346 (21.7)

33 (33.0)

0.009

 Metformin

181 (10.7)

163 (10.2)

18 (18.0)

0.015

 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor

222(13.1)

203 (12.7)

19 (19.0)

0.072

 Meglitinide

83 (4.9)

73 (4.6)

10 (10) .0

0.028

 Sulfonylurea

96 (5.7)

88 (5.5)

8 (8.0)

0.298

 Thiazolidinediones

14 (0.8)

13 (0.8)

1 (1.0)

1.000

 DPP-4 inhibitor

9 (0.5)

9 (0.6)

0 (0)

1.000

 SGLT-2 inhibitors

5 (0.3)

5 (0.3)

0 (0)

1.000

  GLP-1 receptor agonist

3 (0.2)

3 (0.2)

0 (0)

1.000

 Insulin

100(5.9)

87 (5.5)

13 (13.0)

0.002

  1. ACEI/ARB, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CTO, chronic total occlusion; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LAD, left anterior descending artery; LCX, left circumflex; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, no ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; RCA, right coronary artery; SGLT-2, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride