Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included patients grouped by age and TGI levels

N (%)

888

1177

-

411

447

-

Age, years, mean ± SD

55.42 ± 6.33

55.71 ± 6.11

0.303

72.15 ± 4.64

71.50 ± 4.77

0.045

Male, n (%)

518 (58.33)

778 (66.10)

<0.001

225 (54.74)

157 (35.12)

<0.001

Education

0.439

0.614

Less than lower secondary education

781 (87.95)

1022 (86.83)

380 (92.46)

407 (91.05)

Upper secondary education or vocational training

93 (10.47)

141 (11.98)

17 (4.14)

25 (5.59)

Tertiary education

14 (1.58)

14 (1.19)

14 (3.41)

15 (3.36)

SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD

129.18 ± 22.37

132.44 ± 21.48

0.002

135.38 ± 22.32

138.92 ± 23.12

0.038

BMI, kg/m², median (IQR)

23.37 (21.14, 25.84)

25.51 (22.68, 28.12)

<0.001

21.62 (19.78, 23.92)

24.20 (21.68, 26.60)

<0.001

Waist circumference, cm, mean ± SD

84.36 ± 11.49

88.71 ± 14.49

<0.001

82.58 ± 12.71

88.64 ± 13.98

<0.001

Diabetes, n (%)

49 (5.57)

177 (15.25)

<0.001

19 (4.65)

62 (14.09)

<0.001

Hypertension, n (%)

297 (33.6)

561 (48.24)

<0.001

171 (41.81)

240 (54.3)

<0.001

Dyslipidemia, n (%)

106 (12.14)

307 (26.79)

<0.001

43 (10.59)

87 (20.00)

<0.001

Stroke, n (%)

23 (2.62)

47 (4.01)

0.085

21 (5.13)

22 (4.97)

0.911

Cancer, n (%)

4 (0.45)

17 (1.45)

0.027

6 (1.46)

4 (0.9)

0.450

Lung disease, n (%)

122 (13.9)

143 (12.22)

0.264

90 (22.06)

84 (19.05)

0.277

Liver disease, n (%)

65 (7.42)

63 (5.4)

0.062

20 (4.89)

27 (6.15)

0.423

Kidney disease, n (%)

98 (11.17)

116 (9.95)

0.370

39 (9.54)

41 (9.30)

0.905

Digestive disease, n (%)

300 (34.01)

372 (31.69)

0.266

101 (24.63)

116 (26.13)

0.617

Drinking, n (%)

329 (37.18)

349 (29.73)

<0.001

167 (40.73)

135 (30.54)

0.002

Smoking, n (%)

323 (36.5)

377 (32.09)

0.036

184 (44.88)

148 (33.41)

<0.001

Vigorous physical activity, n (%)

284 (33.33)

326 (29.19)

0.049

71 (19.51)

84 (22.11)

0.383

Moderate physical activity, n (%)

478 (56.10)

592 (53)

0.171

156 (42.86)

146 (38.42)

0.218

Mild physical activity, n (%)

685 (80.49)

898 (80.39)

0.956

290 (79.67)

293 (77.11)

0.396

Laboratory tests

  Triglycerides, mg/dl, median (IQR)

79.65 (63.72, 94.70)

161.86 (130.10, 221.25)

<0.001

76.11 (61.95, 91.16)

154.88 (125.67, 209.75)

<0.001

  Glucose, mg/dl, mean ± SD

96.61 ± 16.34

125.18 ± 50.97

<0.001

98.09 ± 15.45

126.22 ± 49.13

<0.001

  TGI, (mg/dl) ², mean ± SD

8.20 ± 0.35

9.26 ± 0.56

<0.001

8.19 ± 0.30

9.22 ± 0.49

<0.001

  TGI, (mg/dl) ², range

4.96, 8.61

8.61, 12.96

-

6.61, 8.61

8.61, 11.66

-

  White blood cells, 10⁹/l, mean ± SD

6.02 ± 1.81

6.39 ± 1.78

<0.001

5.96 ± 1.77

6.50 ± 1.97

<0.001

  Platelets, 10⁹/l, mean ± SD

212.93 ± 69.82

223.75 ± 92.40

0.004

194.85 ± 86.72

207.10 ± 75.15

0.030

  Hemoglobin, g/dl, mean ± SD

14.44 ± 2.26

14.64 ± 2.14

0.043

14.04 ± 2.09

14.29 ± 2.04

0.075

  Hematocrit, %, mean ± SD

41.33 ± 6.32

41.76 ± 5.94

0.111

40.31 ± 6.11

41.37 ± 5.76

0.009

  Creatinine, mg/dl, mean ± SD

0.75 ± 0.17

0.78 ± 0.21

0.001

0.82 ± 0.22

0.83 ± 0.24

0.456

  CRP, mg/l, median (IQR)

0.89 (0.48, 1.96)

1.3 (0.72, 2.59)

0.176

1.09 (0.53, 2.38)

1.4 (0.76, 2.97)

0.156

  Glycated hemoglobin, %, mean ± SD

5.12 ± 0.46

5.53 ± 1.13

<0.001

5.15 ± 0.48

5.52 ± 1.09

<0.001

  HDL, mg/dl, mean ± SD

56.20 ± 14.59

43.98 ± 12.47

<0.001

58.26 ± 15.64

44.38 ± 13.56

<0.001

  LDL, mg/dl, mean ± SD

114.38 ± 31.61

120.85 ± 38.64

<0.001

114.01 ± 33.34

124.01 ± 37.28

<0.001

  Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean ± SD

183.57 ± 35.22

204.31 ± 40.77

<0.001

185.37 ± 37.66

204.58 ± 37.84

<0.001

  Death, n (%)

25 (3.01)

56 (5.09)

0.024

74 (19.73)

87 (21.17)

0.619