Table 1 Sociodemographic, lifestyle, biochemical and clinical characteristics of the study population according to 10-year CVD incidence (n = 2020)

Age, years

42.9 ± 12.8

57.8 ± 13.2

< 0.001

Males, %

47.4

62.5

< 0.001

Educational level, %

< 0.001

 low

15.0

37.5

 medium

46.3

39.4

 high

38.7

23.0

Financial status, %

0.240

 low

22.3

24.2

 medium

32.2

29.9

 high

32.3

37.6

 very high

13.2

8.3

BMI, kg/m²

26.0 ± 4.5

27.9 ± 4.5

< 0.001

 25–30 kg/m², %

38.8

47.6

< 0.001

  ≥ 30 kg/m², %

16.4

27.1

< 0.001

WC, cm

89.3 ± 15.1

97.3 ± 13.7

< 0.001

Increased WC, %

51.1

67.8

< 0.001

Current smokers, %

41.9

35.3

0.028

Ever smokers, %

54.5

56.8

0.459

Pack-years

320 (140, 600)

600 (260, 1000)

< 0.001

MedDietScore (0–55)

26.4 ± 6.2

22.8 ± 6.5

< 0.001

MedDietScore < 26.5, %

55.5

88.3

< 0.001

Physically active, %

40.9

40.7

0.935

TC, mg/dL

190 (163, 218)

203 (178, 232)

< 0.001

TC ≥200 mg/dL, %

39.3

53.5

< 0.001

LDL-C, mg/dL

119 (95, 144)

125 (107, 155)

< 0.001

LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL, %

70.3

83.2

< 0.001

HDL-C, mg/dL

48 (39, 57)

43 (36, 53)

< 0.001

HDL-C < 40/50 mg/dL, %

41.2

55.4

< 0.001

TG, mg/dL

94 (66, 137)

129 (93, 182)

< 0.001

TG ≥150 mg/dL, %

20.7

39.0

< 0.001

Lp(a), mg/dL

10.9 (4.6, 23.5)

13.0 (5.0, 27.4)

0.052

Lp(a) ≥50 mg/dL, %

8.2

11.3

0.079

Use of lipid-lowering meds, %

8.1

26.5

< 0.001

Hypertension, %

28.0

50.7

< 0.001

Diabetes mellitus, %

4.6

21.5

< 0.001