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Table 4 Associations between blood lipid biomarkers and 10-year CVD incidence stratified by age, sex, body weight status, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, use of lipid-lowering medication and presence of hypercholesterolemia (n = 2020)

From: Long-term prognostic value of LDL-C, HDL-C, lp(a) and TG levels on cardiovascular disease incidence, by body weight status, dietary habits and lipid-lowering treatment: the ATTICA epidemiological cohort study (2002–2012)

 

10-year CVD incidence

Age

≤45 years (n = 1080)

> 45 years (n = 940)

RR

95%CI

P value

RR

95%CI

P value

TC, mg/dL

1.013

1.001, 1.026

0.030

1.001

0.997, 1.005

0.795

LDL-C, mg/dL

1.013

1.000, 1.027

0.049

0.999

0.994, 1.003

0.516

HDL-C, mg/dL

0.999

0.981, 1.027

0.543

0.990

0.977, 1.000

0.050

TG, mg/dL

1.001

0.997, 1.005

0.692

1.001

1.000, 1.002

0.041

Lp(a), mg/dL

1.003

0.991, 1.016

0.611

1.005

1.000, 1.009

0.048

 

Sex

Males (n = 1006)

Females (n = 1014)

RR

95%CI

P value

RR

95%CI

P value

TC, mg/dL

1.002

0.998, 1.007

0.269

1.004

0.997, 1.011

0.301

LDL-C, mg/dL

1.001

0.996, 1.005

0.731

1.004

0.995, 1.013

0.354

HDL-C, mg/dL

0.992

0.976, 1.009

0.347

0.996

0.978, 1.014

0.663

TG, mg/dL

1.001

1.000, 1.002

0.050

1.000

0.997, 1.004

0.937

Lp(a), mg/dL

1.000

0.994, 1.006

> 0.999

1.007

1.001, 1.013

0.024

 

Body weight status

Normal-weight (n = 845)

Overweight/obese (n = 1175)

RR

95%CI

P value

RR

95%CI

P value

TC, mg/dL

1.009

1.000, 1.018

0.050

1.002

0.998, 1.006

0.410

LDL-C, mg/dL

1.011

1.000, 1.022

0.048

1.000

0.996, 1.005

0.864

HDL-C, mg/dL

0.992

0.968, 1.017

0.518

0.994

0.980, 1.007

0.370

TG, mg/dL

1.002

0.998, 1.005

0.307

1.001

1.000, 1.002

0.010

Lp(a), mg/dL

1.006

0.998, 1.015

0.153

1.001

0.997, 1.006

0.653

 

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet

High (n = 1000)

Low (n = 1020)

RR

95%CI

P value

RR

95%CI

P value

TC, mg/dL

1.003

0.992, 1.014

0.599

1.002

0.998, 1.006

0.304

LDL-C, mg/dL

0.995

0.982, 1.009

0.511

1.001

0.997, 1.005

0.658

HDL-C, mg/dL

0.999

0.963, 1.035

0.943

0.992

0.979, 0.999

0.049

TG, mg/dL

1.008

0.997, 1.019

0.143

1.001

1.000, 1.002

0.050

Lp(a), mg/dL

1.008

0.996, 1.021

0.192

1.002

0.997, 1.007

0.360

 

Use of lipid-lowering medication

Yes (n = 106)

No (n = 1914)

RR

95%CI

P value

RR

95%CI

P value

TC, mg/dL

1.000

0.992, 1.006

0.761

1.005

1.000, 1.009

0.031

LDL-C, mg/dL

0.996

0.987, 1.004

0.314

1.004

1.000, 1.009

0.050

HDL-C, mg/dL

0.995

0.959, 1.032

0.780

0.992

0.979, 1.005

0.235

TG, mg/dL

1.003

1.001, 1.006

0.016

1.000

0.999, 1.002

0.461

Lp(a), mg/dL

1.002

0.983, 1.063

0.805

1.003

0.998, 1.008

0.194

 

Presence of hypercholesterolemia

Yes (n = 839)

No (n = 1181)

RR

95%CI

P value

RR

95%CI

P value

TC, mg/dL

1.002

0.997, 1.065

0.399

1.003

0.993, 1.012

0.605

LDL-C, mg/dL

1.001

0.996, 1.006

0.768

1.001

0.991, 1.011

0.845

HDL-C, mg/dL

0.980

0.964, 0.996

0.015

1.007

0.990, 1.025

0.424

TG, mg/dL

1.001

1.000, 1.002

0.050

1.000

0.998, 1.002

0.786

Lp(a), mg/dL

1.003

0.997, 1008

0.385

1.003

0.995, 1.011

0.456

  1. The results are presented as relative risks (RRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), as derived from multivariate Cox proportional hazard models
  2. All models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, MedDietScore, physical activity level, presence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus at baseline, use of lipid-lowering medication, and family history of cardiovascular disease, but in each sensitivity model, the variable used for stratification was removed
  3. CVD Cardiovascular disease, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Lp(a) Lipoprotein(a), TC Total cholesterol, TG Triglycerides