Table 2 Comparison of participant characteristics among the three groups (N = 11,512)

age(year)

48.94 ± 8.83

50.79 ± 9.52

51.49 ± 7.39

χ2 = 30.49, P = 0.0001 †

sex(%)

χ2 = 165.48, P < 0.001 †

 male

7891(72.88)

323(49.69)

20(57.14)

 female

2936(27.12)

327(50.31)

15(42.86)

Smoke

χ2 = 82.14, P < 0.001 †

 No

6253(57.75)

492(75.69)

23(65.71)

 Yes

4574(42.25)

158(24.31)

12(34.29)

Thyroid nodule

χ2 = 9.77, P = 0.008 †

 No

4979(45.99)

259(39.85)

14(40.00)

 Yes

5848(54.01)

391(60.15)

21(60.00)

Fatty liver

χ2 = 9.18, P = 0.010 †

 NO

3731(34.46)

261(40.15)

14(40.00)

 Yes

7096(65.54)

389(59.85)

21(60.00)

Hypertension

χ2 = 0.59, P = 0.742

 NO

6619(61.63)

405(62.31)

20(57.14)

 Yes

4208(38.87)

245(37.69)

15(42.86)

SBP(mmHg)

121.56 ± 16.48

121.40 ± 17.41

120.63 ± 19.87

χ2 = 0.25, P = 0.883

DBP(mmHg)

79.51 ± 11.27

79.26 ± 11.20

80.34 ± 12.11

χ2 = 1.24, P = 0.534

BMI (kg/m²)

25.28 ± 3.29

24.84 ± 3.18

25.52 ± 4.30

χ2 = 8.73, P = 0.013 †

HGB(g/L)

147.79 ± 14.69

143.09 ± 14.59

148.14 ± 16.22

χ2 = 71.58, P < 0.001 †

TC (mmol/L)

4.69 ± 0.89

4.86 ± 0.92

4.96 ± 0.94

χ2 = 19.59, P < 0.001 †

TG (mmol/L)

1.75 ± 1.36

1.77 ± 1.78

1.51 ± 0.86

χ2 = 1.17, P = 0.558

LDL-C(mmol/L)

3.02 ± 0.79

3.13 ± 0.79

3.26 ± 0.91

χ2 = 12.43, P = 0 .002 †

HDL-C(mmol/L)

1.24 ± 0.34

1.29 ± 0.33

1.36 ± 0.26

χ2 = 23.61, P < 0.001 †

FBG (mmol/L)

5.67 ± 1.25

5.56 ± 1.07

5.57 ± 0.83

χ2 = 5.88, P = 0.053

Hcy(μmol/L)

12.29 ± 7.79

11.765.74

13.338.21

χ2 = 4.88, P = 0.087

UA(μmol/L)

347.01 ± 85.91

329.69 ± 86.82

326.68 ± 76.82

χ2 = 30.99, P < 0.001 †

HbA1c(%)

5.77 ± 0.76

5.75 ± 0.72

5.74 ± 0.55

χ2 = 0.49, P = 0.781