Fig. 6

Effect of Cur on the PPARγ/SP-1/SREBP-2/NPC1L1 signaling pathway in Caco-2 cells by activating the TRPA1 channel. A, B, C, and D Cells of the Caco-2 line were incubated with the indicated concentrations of MC (100 µM), Cur (10 µM), and HC (9 µM) for 48 h, and the expression of nucleoprotein PPARγ (A) and the total proteins SP-1 (B), SREBP-2 (C), NPC1L1 (D) were determined by Western blot analysis. Data presented as mean ± SEM. (n = 3). ^*P < 0.05 vs control, ^**P < 0.01 vs control, ^#P < 0.05 vs MC, ^##P < 0.01 vs MC, ^###P < 0.001 vs MC, ^&P < 0.05 vs MC + Cur, ^&&P < 0.01 vs MC + Cur. MC, cholesterol micelles; Cur, curcumin; HC, HC-030031; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; SP-1, specificity protein-1; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; SREBP-2, sterol regulatory element-binding protein − 2; NPC1L1, Niemann-Pick C1-like 1; TRPA1, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1; SEM, standard error of the mean