Differential effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) and fatty acids

Berk, Kirsten A.; Borgeraas, Heidi; Narverud, Ingunn; Mulder, Monique T.; Øyri, Linn K. L.; Verhoeven, Adrie J. M.; Småstuen, Milada Cvancarova; Bogsrud, Martin P.; Omland, Torbjørn; Hertel, Jens Kristoffer; Gjevestad, Espen; Nordstrand, Njord; Holven, Kirsten B.; Hjelmesæth, Jøran

doi:10.1186/s12944-022-01756-1

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 2 Plasma levels of saturated-, monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in trial 1 and trial 2

From: Differential effects of bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions on plasma levels of Lp(a) and fatty acids

	Trial 1								Trial 2
	Surgery-group n = 82					Lifestyle-group n = 77			Lifestyle-cohort n = 134
	Baseline	7 weeks	P^*	59 weeks	P^†	Baseline	59 weeks	P^‡	Baseline	20 weeks	P^‡
SFAs, % of total fatty acids
Total SFA	30.4 (29.1–31.9)	29.6 (28.4–30.5)	< 0.001	29.4 (28.5–30.1)	0.36	30.5 (29.3–32.0)	29.8 (29.0–30.9)	0.001	32.5 (30.6–34.0)	31.0 (29.6–32.8)	< 0.001
Myristic acid, 14:0	0.90 (0.70–1.20)	0.50 (0.40–0.70)	< 0.001	0.70 (0.55–0.90)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.80–1.20)	0.80 (0.70–1.10)	0.001	1.09 (0.81–1.39)	0.88 (0.70–1.19)	< 0.001
Pentadecylic acid, 15:0	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	0.32	0.30 (0.20–0.30)	< 0.001	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	0.45	0.19 (0.15–0.22)	0.18 (0.16–0.22)	0.52
Palmitic acid, 16:0	22.3 (21.3–24.0)	22.7 (21.7–23.5)	0.98	21.6 (20.8–22.3)	< 0.001	22.2 (21.3–23.8)	21.9 (21.1–23.3)	0.01	22.8 (21.2–24.2)	22.0 (20.5–23.1)	< 0.001
Stearic acid, C18:0	6.90 (6.30–7.30)	6.00 (5.60–6.40)	< 0.001	6.80 (6.35–7.15)	< 0.001	6.80 (6.40–7.10)	6.80 (6.20–7.20)	0.76	6.62 (6.09–7.06)	6.48 (6.03–6.95)	0.26
MUFAs, % of total fatty acids
Total MUFA	26.3 (24.0–28.4)	26.1 (23.1–28.5)	0.66	25.6 (24.2–28.3)	0.39	25.2 (22.8–27.9)	24.2 (22.9–27.1)	0.21	24.8 (20.8–28.8)	24.3 (21.1–28.5)	0.15
Palmitoleic acid, 16:1 n-7	2.45 (2.10–3.00)	2.10 (1.70–2.50)	< 0.001	1.90 (1.45–2.10)	< 0.001	2.30 (1.90–2.70)	2.10 (1.70–2.40)	< 0.001	2.03 (1.52–2.75)	1.60 (1.25–2.18)	< 0.001
Oleic acid, 18:1 n-9	21.9 (20.2–23.3)	21.9 (19.5–24.1)	0.69	21.8 (20.7–23.8)	0.52	21.0 (19.2–23.5)	20.5 (19.4–23.4)	0.40	21.1 (17.7–24.3)	21.0 (18.1–24.3)	0.91
Vaccenic acid, 18:1 n-7 cis	1.60 (1.50–1.80)	1.90 (1.70–2.00)	< 0.001	1.80 (1.60–1.90)	< 0.001	1.60 (1.40–1.70)	1.60 (1.50–1.80)	0.12	1.41 (1.22–1.65)	1.41 (1.27–1.64)	0.42
Eicosenoic acid, 20:1 n-9	0.10 (0.10–0.20)	0.10 (0.10–0.20)	0.67	0.20 (0.10–0.20)	< 0.001	0.10 (0.10–0.20)	0.20 (0.10–0.20)	0.002	0.14 (0.11–0.18)	0.15 (0.12–0.18)	0.08
n-6 PUFAs, % of total fatty acids
Total n-6 PUFAs	34.5 (30.8–38.1)	35.4 (32.9–38.2)	0.009	35.5 (33.0–37.8)	0.34	35.4 (32.2–39.4)	36.2 (33.8–39.1)	0.21	33.5 (29.4–37.1)	35.0 (30.7–38.5)	< 0.001
LA, C18:2 n-6	26.7 (23.0–29.8)	26.5 (24.2–28.9)	0.53	27.1 (24.3–28.8)	0.038	27.1 (24.9–30.4)	27.6 (25.2–29.9)	0.98	23.9 (20.6–27.3)	25.1 (21.4–28.4)	0.007
GLA, C18:3 n-6	0.40 (0.30–0.50)	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	< 0.001	0.30 (0.20–0.40)	0.025	0.40 (0.40–0.50)	0.40 (0.30–0.50)	0.004	0.43 (0.35–0.58)	0.42 (0.33–0.55)	0.11
EDA, C20:2 n-6	0.20 (0.20–0.20	0.20 (0.20–0.20)	0.17	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	< 0.001	0.20 (0.20–0.30)	0.20 (0.20–0.20)	0.84	0.25 (0.23–0.28)	0.26 (0.23–0.30)	0.025
DGLA, C20:3 n-6	1.60 (1.40–1.90)	1.20 (1.10–1.50)	< 0.001	1.50 (1.30–1.80)	< 0.001	1.70 (1.40–1.90)	1.60 (1.40–1.90)	0.97	1.45 (1.17–1.68)	1.39 (1.11–1.60)	0.042
AA, C20:4 n-6	5.70 (5.00–6.80)	7.30 (6.10–8.30)	< 0.001	6.70 (5.90–7.60)	< 0.001	5.70 (4.90–6.80)	6.50 (5.50–7.60)	< 0.001	6.72 (5.50–7.79)	7.54 (6.06–8.54)	< 0.001
n-3 PUFAs, % of total fatty acids
Total n-3 PUFAs	3.80 (3.20–4.63)	4.90 (3.90–6.30)	< 0.001	4.20 (3.80–4.90)	< 0.01	4.50 (3.55–5.80)	4.90 (3.90–6.45)	0.001	3.67 (3.24–4.37)	3.85 (3.34–4.30)	0.46
ALA, C18:3 n-3	0.60 (0.50–0.70)	0.50 (0.40–0.60)	< 0.001	0.50 (0.40–0.60)	0.14	0.60 (0.50–0.80)	0.60 (0.50–0.70)	0.001	0.55 (0.42–0.75)	0.55 (0.43–0.73)	0.56
EPA, C20:5 n-3	0.80 (0.50–1.20)	1.00 (0.60–1.70)	< 0.001	0.80 (0.60–1.20)	0.021	0.90 (0.70–1.60)	1.10 (0.70–1.70)	0.037	0.72 (0.51–0.98)	0.68 (0.47–0.99)	0.16
DPA, C22:5 n-3	0.50 (0.50–0.60))	0.60 (0.50–0.70)	< 0.001	0.70 (0.60–0.80)	< 0.001	0.60 (0.50–0.70)	0.60 (0.60–0.70)	0.004	0.50 (0.43–0.58)	0.50 (0.42–0.57)	0.28
DHA, C22:6 n-3	1.90 (1.50–2.60)	2.80 (2.20–3.50)	< 0.001	2.30 (1.90–2.80)	< 0.001	2.40 (1.70–2.80)	2.60 (2.00–3.20)	< 0.001	1.86 (1.56–2.26)	1.99 (1.58–2.32)	0.11

Abbreviations: AA arachidonic acid, ALA alpha linolenic acid, DGLA dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid, DPA docosapentaenoic, EDA eicosadienoic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, GLA gamma-linolenic acid, LA linoleic acid, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, SFA saturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids. Data are given as mean (standard deviation) or median (interquartile range). Paired T test or Wilcoxon signed Rank test comparing
^*baseline and 7 weeks
^†7 weeks and end of intervention
^‡baseline and end of intervention

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