Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants by gender according to CUN-BAE index quartiles
| Â | Males | P value | Females | P value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1(< 17.826) | Q2(17.826 to ≤20.862) | Q3(20.862 to ≤23.945) | Q4(> 23.945) |  | Q1(< 26.374) | Q2(26.374 to ≤29.434) | Q3(29.434 to ≤32.833) | Q4(> 32.833) |  | |
Total (n) | 2108 | 2107 | 2107 | 2108 | Â | 1759 | 1758 | 1758 | 1759 | Â |
Age (years) | 39.7 ± 7.4 | 43.5 ± 8.2 | 46.2 ± 8.9 | 47.0 ± 9.4 | < 0.001 | 36.9 ± 6.9 | 41.8 ± 7.1 | 45.8 ± 7.9 | 48.5 ± 8.4 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 19.8 ± 1.3 | 22.0 ± 1.0 | 23.7 ± 1.0 | 26.8 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 | 18.1 ± 1.1 | 19.8 ± 0.9 | 21.3 ± 1.1 | 24.8 ± 2.6 | < 0.001 |
WC (cm) | 72.2 ± 4.5 | 78.0 ± 4.1 | 82.3 ± 4.2 | 89.3 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 | 64.9 ± 4.4 | 68.8 ± 4.8 | 72.5 ± 5.3 | 80.5 ± 7.6 | < 0.001 |
Weight (kg) | 58.3 ± 5.7 | 64.5 ± 5.7 | 68.7 ± 6.2 | 77.7 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 | 46.0 ± 4.1 | 50.1 ± 4.3 | 53.4 ± 4.8 | 61.2 ± 8.1 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 111.9 ± 12.0 | 116.6 ± 12.5 | 120.1 ± 13.4 | 126.5 ± 14.3 | < 0.001 | 102.8 ± 11.2 | 106.2 ± 12.6 | 110.1 ± 13.0 | 118.4 ± 15.2 | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 69.7 ± 8.4 | 73.4 ± 9.1 | 76.1 ± 9.4 | 80.3 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 | 63.5 ± 7.7 | 65.6 ± 8.9 | 68.0 ± 9.2 | 73.4 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 |
ALT (IU/L) | 18.6 ± 8.8 | 21.4 ± 10.7 | 24.4 ± 12.7 | 32.1 ± 19.8 | < 0.001 | 13.7 ± 6.7 | 14.3 ± 20.9 | 14.6 ± 6.1 | 17.6 ± 9.2 | < 0.001 |
AST (IU/L) | 18.1 ± 6.9 | 18.7 ± 7.1 | 19.6 ± 7.3 | 22.7 ± 9.9 | < 0.001 | 16.1 ± 5.3 | 16.5 ± 14.7 | 16.5 ± 5.5 | 17.8 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
GGT (IU/L) | 19.9 ± 17.4 | 23.6 ± 18.6 | 28.0 ± 24.7 | 32.0 ± 23.4 | < 0.001 | 12.3 ± 6.2 | 12.8 ± 7.0 | 13.6 ± 10.0 | 15.9 ± 10.5 | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 5.0 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.3 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.9 ± 0.8 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | 4.7 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 5.2 ± 0.9 | 5.4 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.7 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
Smoking status (n, %) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | 0.195 | ||||
 Never | 824 (39.1%) | 730 (34.6%) | 681 (32.3%) | 657 (31.2%) |  | 1533 (87.2%) | 1532 (87.1%) | 1533 (87.2%) | 1541 (87.6%) |  |
 Past | 497 (23.6%) | 606 (28.8%) | 706 (33.5%) | 702 (33.3%) |  | 110 (6.3%) | 111 (6.3%) | 127 (7.2%) | 93 (5.3%) |  |
 Current | 787 (37.3%) | 771 (36.6%) | 720 (34.2%) | 749 (35.5%) |  | 116 (6.6%) | 115 (6.5%) | 98 (5.6%) | 125 (7.1%) |  |
Alcohol consumption (n, %) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | 0.024 | ||||
 No or minimal | 1425 (67.6%) | 1317 (62.5%) | 1269 (60.2%) | 1343 (63.7%) |  | 1630 (92.7%) | 1595 (90.7%) | 1591 (90.5%) | 1635 (93.0%) |  |
 Light | 328 (15.6%) | 375 (17.8%) | 354 (16.8%) | 312 (14.8%) |  | 92 (5.2%) | 104 (5.9%) | 106 (6.0%) | 87 (4.9%) |  |
 Moderate | 251 (11.9%) | 287 (13.6%) | 326 (15.5%) | 302 (14.3%) |  | 37 (2.1%) | 59 (3.4%) | 61 (3.5%) | 37 (2.1%) |  |
 Heavy | 104 (4.9%) | 128 (6.1%) | 158 (7.5%) | 151 (7.2%) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Habit of exercise (n, %) | 0.381 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||
 No | 1756 (83.3%) | 1650 (78.3%) | 1694 (80.4%) | 1730 (82.1%) |  | 1537 (87.4%) | 1464 (83.3%) | 1441 (82.0%) | 1483 (84.3%) |  |
 Yes | 352 (16.7%) | 457 (21.7%) | 413 (19.6%) | 378 (17.9%) |  | 222 (12.6%) | 294 (16.7%) | 317 (18.0%) | 276 (15.7%) |  |
Fatty liver disease (n, %) | < 0.001 |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 | ||||
 No | 2016 (95.6%) | 1784 (84.7%) | 1495 (71.0%) | 880 (41.7%) |  | 1758 (99.9%) | 1738 (98.9%) | 1700 (96.7%) | 1352 (76.9%) |  |
 Yes | 92 (4.4%) | 323 (15.3%) | 612 (29.0%) | 1228 (58.3%) |  | 1 (0.1%) | 20 (1.1%) | 58 (3.3%) | 407 (23.1%) |  |