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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of participants by quartiles of TyG index

From: Association between triglyceride glucose index and subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes

Characteristic

Q1 (TyG index ≤ 8.89) n = 38

Q2 (8.89 < TyG index ≤ 9.44) n = 37

Q3 (9.44 < TyG index ≤ 9.83) n = 38

Q4 (TyG index > 9.83) n = 37

P value

Male, n (%)

23 (60.5)

26 (70.3)

26 (68.4)

21 (56.8)

0.573

Age, years

52.5 ± 15.3

55.8 ± 13.3

52.6 ± 11.2

53.1 ± 15.3

0.692

BMI, kg/m2

23.29 ± 3.88

23.87 ± 3.54

24.82 ± 3.10

24.51 ± 4.11

0.273

Diabetes duration, years

10.79 ± 7.08

8.57 ± 6.97

9.17 ± 6.78

12.29 ± 7.79

0.115

Heart rate, bpm

72.45 ± 8.73

73.65 ± 12.12

77.74 ± 2.71

81.31 ± 4.02ce

0.008

SBP, mmHg

127.08 ± 15.29

135.08 ± 14.53

131.26 ± 14.62

139.59 ± 24.44c

0.019

DBP, mmHg

76.16 ± 9.30

78.97 ± 9.53

77.39 ± 9.20

80.43 ± 14.86

0.359

HbA1c, (%)

7.93 ± 1.64

8.49 ± 1.84

9.05 ± 1.96

9.75 ± 2.46ce

0.001

FPG, mmol/l

8.15 (6.38–9.40)

10.00 (7.85–14.45)a

11.50(10.10–13.73)b

14.50(10.25–18.15)ce

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

3.57 ± 1.05

3.72 ± 1.10

4.07 ± 0.90

4.83 ± 1.57cef

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/l

1.19 ± 0.32

1.10 ± 0.53

1.09 ± 0.47

1.03 ± 0.36

0.426

LDL-C, mmol/l

1.95 ± 0.91

2.17 ± 0.97

2.61 ± 1.27b

2.76 ± 1.22ce

0.006

Triglyceride, mmol/l

0.70 (0.61–0.99)

1.16 (0.87–1.45)a

1.58 (1.29–1.97) bd

2.77 (2.13–3.81)cef

< 0.001

Apolipoproteins A1, g/l

1.27 ± 0.22

1.14 ± 0.18a

1.16 ± 0.18

1.23 ± 0.21

0.028

Apolipoproteins B, g/l

0.56 ± 0.17

0.63 ± 0.21

0.81 ± 0.49b

0.82 ± 0.31c

0.001

Albuminuria, mg/l

11.30 (8.13–15.18)

12.85 (8.83–20.08)

9.20 (8.00–15.00)

14.90 (8.30–105.00)

0.109

UACR, mg/mmol

1.45 (0.77–2.42)

1.45 (1.03–3.55)

1.70 (0.75–2.73)

2.41(1.12–16.47)

0.172

Uric acid, umol/l

301.43 ± 66.61

315.00 ± 80.30

327.30 ± 87.99

341.92 ± 88.45

0.177

hypertension, n (%)

8 (21.1)

20 (54.1)a

19 (50.0)b

21(56.8)c

0.006

Diabetic nephropathy, n (%)

5 (13.2)

8 (21.6)

8 (21.1)

14 (37.8)

0.081

Diabetic retinopathy, n (%)

3 (7.9)

3 (8.1)

5 (13.2)

10 (27.0)

0.058

Medical treatment

     

ACEI/ARB, n (%)

4 (10.5)

8 (21.6)

11 (28.9)

11 (29.7)

0.163

CCB, n (%)

5 (13.2)

10 (27.0)

8 (21.1)

8 (21.6)

0.523

Statin, n (%)

8 (21.1)

7 (18.9)

10 (26.3)

10 (27.0)

0.805

Insulin, n (%)

23 (60.5)

12 (32.4)a

24 (63.2)

22 (59.5)

0.025

SGLT-2I, n (%)

4 (10.5)

3 (8.1)

4 (10.5)

3 (8.1)

0.968

GLP-1RA, n (%)

5 (13.2)

2 (5.4)

4 (10.5)

4 (10.8)

0.723

Metformin, n (%)

27 (71.1)

26 (70.3)

27 (71.1)

25 (67.6)

0.986

αGI, n (%)

15 (39.5)

13 (35.1)

12 (31.6)

13 (35.1)

0.914

  1. Values are presented as the mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or n (%). Bold indicates values of P < 0.05
  2. Abbreviations: TyG Triglyceride glucose, BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, TC Total cholesterol, HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, UACR Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, CCB Calcium channel blocker, ACEI Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker, SGLT-2I Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, GLP-1RA Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, α-GI α-glucosidase inhibitor. The Bonferroni test was adopted for post hoc comparisons
  3. a P < 0.05 between the 1st quartile and 2nd quartile
  4. b P < 0.05 between the 1st quartile and 3rd quartile
  5. c P < 0.05 between the 1st quartile and 4th quartile
  6. d P < 0.05 between the 2nd quartile and 3rd quartile
  7. e P < 0.05 between the 2nd quartile and 4th quartile
  8. f P < 0.05 between the 3rd quartile and 4th quartile
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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X