Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author, year | Country | Study design | Total case (Female to male ratio) | LAP index in cases; Mean (SD) | Total control | LAP index in control; Mean (SD) | Important inclusion/exclusion criteria | NAFLDdiagnostic method | Sensitivity | Specificity | Cutoff value | NOSscore | Age range (Age mean) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ching-Lung Cheung [44], 2014 | America | LS | 1067 (46/54) | 91.71 (89.24) | 4117 | 39.74 (54.34) | NR | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 8 | 20 to 74 (41.42) |
DUAN Shaojie [43], 2022 | China | CS | 426 (24/76) | 61.3 (35.29) | 282 | 26.02 (18.88) | NR | Ultrasonography | Men: 63.7 Women: 79.8 | Men: 81.1 Women: 85.0 | Men: 50.88 Women: 50.91 | 6 |  ≥ 18 (39.16) |
EDITH M. KOEHLER [42], 2013 | Netherlands | LS | 925 (61/39) | 58 (30.37) | 1727 | 31 (18.52) | conducted among elderly inhabitants | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 7 | NR (76.3) |
Evangeline Vassilatou [41], 2018 | Greece | CS | 132 (100/0-Only female) | 61.1 (39.3) | 158 | 23.7 (15.2) | premenopausal women aged 18–45 years | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 6 | 18–45 (29.8) |
Guotai Sheng [22], 2021 | Japan | CS | 2507 (19/81) | 26.96 (18.24) | 11,744 | 7.88 (7.56) | NR | Ultrasonography | 83.13 | 74.04 | NR | 6 |  ≥ 18 (43.53) |
Haijiang Dai [45], 2017 | China | CS | 12,150 (34/66) | 58.03 (54.19) | 28,309 | 19.17 (18.12) | NR | Ultrasonography | Men: 77% Women: 82% | Men: 75% Women: 79% | Men: 30.5 Women: 23 | 6 |  ≥ 18 (43.72) |
I-Ting Lin [40], 2021 | Taiwan | CS | 826 (57/43) | 51.06 (43.62) | 1143 | 24.62 (22.78) | NR | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 6 | NR (54.9) |
Kartik Balankhe [27], 2021 | India | CS | 18 (NR) | 53.67 (21.26) | 37 | 45.43 (19.2) | nonobese (BMI < 25 kg/1.76 m2), less than sixty years of age individuals | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 5 |  < 60 (43.4) |
Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko [39], 2021 | Poland | LS | 109 (61/39) | 76.3 (49.2) | 58 | 24.6 (15.2) | NR | Ultrasonography | 93 | 62 | 23 (Female) 30.5 (Male) | 8 |  ≥ 18 (52.6) |
Naiade Silveira Almeida [38], 2021 | Brazil | CS | 50 (68/32) | 61.10 (33.40) | 57 | 14.1 (11.11) | NR | Ultrasonography | 91 | 82 | 26.7 | 6 | 18–60 (39.71) |
Raika Jamali [26], 2020 | Iran | LS | 126 (46/54) | 110.67 (80.05) | 94 | 103.65 (65.81) | NR | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 8 | NR (51.6) |
Yan Zhang [37], 2021 | China | CS | 1573 (68/32) | 79.91 (61.7205) | 3412 | 39.36 (38.2212) | Study screened subjects over 65 years | Chinese Diagnostic Criteria | 71(F) 79.8(M) | 67(F) 70.4 (M) | 49.17(Female) 36.15 (Male) | 6 | 66–115 (73.8) |
Yiting Liu [36], 2022 | China | CS | 6293 (32/68) | 38.25 (27.57) | 8114 | 12.57 (10.83) | NR | Ultrasonography | 82(F) 69 (M) | 74(F) 79 (M) | 19.2(Female) 27.86 (Male) | 6 | NR (47) |
Liuxin Zhang [35], 2022 | China | CS | 1169 (14/86) | 40.59 (25.55) | 2090 | 16.45 (11.71) | NR | Ultrasonography | 75.6 84.4(F) 77 (M) | 77.7 77.9(F) 73 (M) | 26.9 19.7(Female) 26.9 (Male) | 7 | NR (40.59) |
Xueyu Chen [34], 2022 | China | LS | 3194 (39/61) | 47.0 (32.0) | 4044 | 17.9 (13.64) | NR | Ultrasonography | NR | NR | NR | 7 | NR (41.6) |
Moustafa Abd El Hamid Ali [33], 2022 | Egypt | CS | 100 (59/41) | 113.77 (61.90) | 50 | 18.76 (7.23) | NR | Ultrasonography | 100 | 100 | 33.2 | 5 | 18–75 (42.72) |