Fig. 4
From: Short-chain fatty acids as a link between diet and cardiometabolic risk: a narrative review
Effect of dietary fibre on glycaemic control and appetite, and possible pathways. A Dietary fibres escape digestion in the small intestine and B) are fermented into SCFA acids by gut bacteria in the colon. C) The SCFA bind to G-protein coupled receptors in enteroendocrine L-cells. D This causes increased secretion of GLP-1, GLP-2, leptin and PYY in response to a meal. E) GLP-1 improves regulation of blood glucose by enhancing release of insulin and suppressing release of glucagon from pancreas. GLP-1 also protects the beta-cells. GLP-1, leptin, and PYY enhance satiety by affecting the brain and the gastrointestinal system. GLP-2 maintains the intestinal barrier and may, thus, prevent systemic inflammation. GLP-1 and 2, glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2; PYY, peptide YY; SCFA, short-chain fatty acids. Figure was produced using Servier Medical Art and reproduced from first author’s thesis