EM (% FAME) | wks | n-3 LC-PUFA (group 1) | GLA (group 2) | n-3 LC-PUFA + GLA (group 3) | Control (olive oil) (group 4) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C16:0 | 0 | 21.5 ± 2.42 | 19.9 ± 6.94 | 24.5 ± 6.69 | 21.9 ± 1.63 |
12 | 22.8 ± 1.45* | 22.7 ± 2.44 | 21.6 ± 3.26 | 21.9 ± 2.46 | |
C16:1 | 0 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.08 | 0.35 ± 0.16 | 0.36 ± 0.18 |
12 | 0.31 ± 0.11 | 0.39 ± 0.18 | 0.44 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.19 | |
C18:0 | 0 | 15.3 ± 0.92 | 15.4 ± 1.14 | 15.1 ± 1.74 | 15.7 ± 1.23 |
12 | 15.3 ± 1.75 | 14.6 ± 2.42 | 14.7 ± 2.56 | 15.4 ± 1.11 | |
C18:1 n9 | 0 | 14.6 ± 1.78 | 14.5 ± 1.41 | 14.1 ± 1.55 | 13.9 ± 1.36 |
12 | 13.5 ± 0.99* | 13.1 ± 1.20 | 13.3 ± 1.92 | 13.9 ± 1.41 | |
C18:2 n-6 | 0 | 7.77 ± 0.79 | 8.09 ± 0.83 | 7.14 ± 1.66 | 8.13 ± 1.23 |
(LA) | 12 | 7.18 ± 0.98* | 7.73 ± 1.39 | 7.27 ± 1.55 | 8.14 ± 0.88 |
C18:3 n-6 | 0 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.01 |
(GLA) | 12 | 0.04 ± 0.02*** | 0.15 ± 0.05*** | 0.07 ± 0.03* | 0.04 ± 0.01 |
C18:3 n-3 | 0 | 0.13 ± 0.07 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.12 ± 0.07 | 0.12 ± 0.05 |
(ALA) | 12 | 0.08 ± 0.03** | 0.09 ± 0.03* | 0.10 ± 0.06 | 0.10 ± 0.03 |
C20:3 n-6 | 0 | 1.21 ± 0.28 | 1.23 ± 0.16 | 0.99 ± 0.29 | 1.24 ± 0.18 |
(DGLA) | 12 | 0.95 ± 0.20*** | 2.12 ± 0.51*** | 1.37 ± 0.30** | 1.25 ± 0.16 |
C20:4 n-6 | 0 | 12.96 ± 2.44 | 12.6 ± 1.80 | 11.27 ± 3.82 | 12.3 ± 1.73 |
(AA) | 12 | 11.08 ± 2.03*** | 12.0 ± 1.91 | 10.40 ± 3.26 | 11.6 ± 2.39 |
C20:5 n-3 | 0 | 0.59 ± 0.24 | 0.71 ± 0.44 | 0.62 ± 0.35 | 0.68 ± 0.36 |
(EPA) | 12 | 2.00 ± 0.87*** | 0.53 ± 0.34 | 1.09 ± 0.69* | 0.55 ± 0.33 |
C22:5 n-3 | 0 | 1.46 ± 0.26 | 1.54 ± 0.32 | 1.23 ± 0.51 | 1.45 ± 0.33 |
(DPA) | 12 | 2.17 ± 0.43*** | 1.38 ± 0.54 | 1.56 ± 0.59 | 1.36 ± 0.41 |
C22:6 n-3 | 0 | 2.51 ± 0.61 | 2.68 ± 1.12 | 2.51 ± 1.22 | 2.65 ± 0.78 |
(DHA) | 12 | 3.47 ± 0.89** | 2.70 ± 1.48 | 2.65 ± 1.16 | 2.47 ± 0.94 |
AA/EPA | 0 | 25.1 ± 10.1 | 28.4 ± 25.6 | 35.6 ± 49.0 | 24.2 ± 14.5 |
12 | 7.17 ± 4.66*** | 43.8 ± 48.4 | 16.0 ± 15.3 | 27.4 ± 13.7 | |
n-3 LC-PUFA | 0 | 4.56 ± 0.94 | 4.93 ± 1.73 | 4.36 ± 1.97 | 4.77 ± 1.28 |
12 | 7.64 ± 2.01*** | 4.61 ± 2.26 | 5.29 ± 2.17 | 4.38 ± 1.60 | |
n-3 index | 0 | 3.10 ± 0.82 | 3.39 ± 1.48 | 3.13 ± 1.48 | 3.32 ± 1.02 |
12 | 5.47 ± 1.66*** | 3.23 ± 1.81 | 3.73 ± 1.63 | 3.02 ± 1.23 | |
n-3 PUFA | 0 | 4.77 ± 0.93 | 5.17 ± 1.61 | 4.56 ± 1.88 | 4.91 ± 1.30 |
12 | 7.76 ± 1.99*** | 4.73 ± 2.26 | 5.43 ± 2.17 | 4.52 ± 1.56 | |
n-6 PUFA | 0 | 22.2 ± 2.22 | 22.1 ± 1.71 | 19.6 ± 5.54 | 21.9 ± 2.32 |
12 | 19.3 ± 2.19*** | 22.1 ± 2.20 | 19.3 ± 4.13 | 21.2 ± 2.65 | |
n-6/n-3 | 0 | 4.79 ± 0.90 | 4.69 ± 1.61 | 4.95 ± 2.34 | 4.74 ± 1.34 |
12 | 2.70 ± 0.96*** | 6.29 ± 4.16 | 4.18 ± 1.95 | 5.16 ± 1.56 | |
SFA | 0 | 40.5 ± 3.04 | 39.1 ± 7.63 | 45.1 ± 9.16 | 41.4 ± 2.97 |
12 | 42.3 ± 2.97* | 42.2 ± 6.13 | 41.5 ± 5.21 | 42.3 ± 5.63 | |
MUFA | 0 | 20.8 ± 1.98 | 20.9 ± 1.24 | 20.6 ± 1.14 | 20.9 ± 1.30 |
12 | 20.3 ± 0.67 | 19.8 ± 1.02* | 20.2 ± 1.67 | 20.9 ± 1.34 | |
PUFA | 0 | 28.2 ± 2.63 | 28.4 ± 2.38 | 25.4 ± 7.10 | 28.0 ± 2.59 |
12 | 28.3 ± 2.05 | 28.0 ± 4.07 | 26.0 ± 5.42 | 26.8 ± 3.58 | |
CLA | 0 | 0.86 ± 0.37 | 0.71 ± 0.24 | 0.78 ± 0.28 | 0.73 ± 0.23 |
12 | 0.71 ± 0.21 | 0.62 ± 0.16 | 0.72 ± 0.26 | 0.71 ± 0.17 |