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Fig. 1 | Lipids in Health and Disease

Fig. 1

From: Tetradecylthiopropionic acid induces hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and steatosis, accompanied by increased plasma homocysteine in mice

Fig. 1

Metabolites of the homocysteine remethylation and sulfoxation, transsulfuration, and choline oxidation pathways. Names of enzymes are beside the arrows. Vitamins involved in the enzymatic reactions are shown in green circles. Abbreviations: BADH, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase; BHMT, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase; CBS, cystathionine beta-synthase; CHDH, choline dehydrogenase; CTH, cystathionine gamma-lyase; DMG, dimethylglycine; DMGDH, dimethylglycine dehydrogenase; GNMT, glycine N-methyltransferase; Hcy, homocysteine; MAT, methionine adenosyltransferase; Met, methionine; MetSO, methionine sulfoxide; 5-mTHF, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; MTs, methyltransferases; MTR, methionine synthase; MSR (encoded by the gene Mtrr), methionine synthase reductase; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidyletanolamine; PEMT, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine methyltransferase; SAH, s-adenosylhomocysteine; SAM, s-adenosylmethionine; SARDH, sarcosine dehydrogenase; SHMT1, serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1; SHMT2, serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2; THF, tetrahydrofolate; TML, trimethyllysine

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Lipids in Health and Disease

ISSN: 1476-511X