Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population according to the tertiles of TyG index

Age (year)

65.4 ± 8.6

64.2 ± 9.3

62.0 ± 10.2*†

<0.001

Male (%)

180 (61.4)

172 (58.1)

171 (57.2)

0.295

Duration of diabetes (year)

12.3 ± 9.3

12.2 ± 9.6

11.8 ± 9.3

0.779

BMI (kg/m²)

23.2 ± 3.1

24.6 ± 3.0*

24.9 ± 3.3*

<0.001

WC (cm)

85.6 ± 8.5

89.8 ± 11.3*

89.8 ± 8.5*

0.005

WHR (cm)

0.9 ± 0.1

0.9 ± 0.1

1.0 ± 0.1*

0.010

SBP (mmHg)

123.7 ± 14.5

126.6 ± 13.3

127.0 ± 15.8*

0.016

DBP (mmHg)

73.2 ± 9.7

74.8 ± 9.5

77.0 ± 9.7*†

<0.001

TyG index

8.2 ± 0.3

8.9 ± 0.2*

9.7 ± 0.4*†

<0.001

HOMA-IR

2.1 (1.3–3.7)

3.9 (2.1–7.1) *

5.2 (3.2–10.1) *†

<0.001

FPG (mg/dL)

117.1 ± 28.8

138.8 ± 31.6*

188.4 ± 71.1*†

<0.001

PPG (mg/dL)

185.6 ± 65.8

205.6 ± 76.0*

245.6 ± 83.6*†

<0.001

HbA1c (%)

7.4 ± 1.8

7.7 ± 1.9

8.8 ± 2.0*†

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

155.5 ± 30.7

165.9 ± 32.8*

182.9 ± 42.5*†

<0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

68 (54–83)

115 (94–138)*

188 (145–253) *†

<0.001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

52.0 ± 13.4

46.5 ± 10.2*

44.2 ± 10.4*

<0.001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

89.9 ± 27.4

96.1 ± 29.7

97.4 ± 37.7*

0.009

Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

95.7 ± 24.6

93.8 ± 25.1

93.1 ± 24.2

0.125

Uric acid (mg/dL)

4.9 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 1.4

5.2 ± 1.6

0.046

Insulin, n (%)

59 (20.1)

66 (22.3)

83 (27.8)

0.028

Sulfonylurea, n (%)

117 (39.9)

127 (42.9)

109 (36.5)

0.383

Meglitinide, n (%)

39 (13.3)

33 (11.1)

35 (11.7)

0.551

Metformin, n (%)

161 (54.9)

193 (65.3)

202 (67.6)

0.002

Thiazolidinedione, n (%)

8 (2.7)

8 (2.7)

12 (4.0)

0.370

α-glucosidase inhibitor, n (%)

69 (23.5)

63 (21.3)

36 (12.0)

<0.001

DPP-IV inhibitor, n (%)

19 (6.5)

25 (8.4)

22 (7.4)

0.689

Antiplatelet agent, n (%)

192 (66.2)

173 (58.6)

153 (51.7)

<0.001

Statin, n (%)

151 (51.5)

176 (59.5)

138 (53.8)

0.580