Name of ingredient | Quantity | Significance |
---|---|---|
polyphenols | 120–550 mg% | antioxidant properties |
phenolic acids: - salicylic - p-coumaric - m-coumaric - p-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid - gallic acid | 71Â wt.% of polyphenols | participation in the creation of dyes and protection against the development of undesirable microflora [83] |
flavonoids | Â | inhibition of thrombosis and hypertension [80,84,86], and promotion of wound healing [87] |
- flavan-3-ols - (catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin) - kaempferol - quercetin - isorhamnetin - myricetin - rutin - proanthocyanidins | Â | antioxidants, stabilization of ascorbic acid [88] |
sterols | 1Â wt.% | reduction of blood cholesterol level, importance in the treatment of burns, huge contribution in the synthesis of steroid hormones and other biologically active compounds [89, 90] |
phytosterols | ||
sitosterol | 48–53 wt.% of phytosterols | |
tocopherols (vitamin E) | 110Â mg% | antioxidants, according to the study, the degree of fruit ripeness effects on the content of tocopherols [91, 92] |
α-tocopherol | 62–68 wt.% of tocopherols | |
δ-tokoferol | 32–37 wt.% of tocopherols | |
macronutrients | Â | they are energy-providing chemical substances consumed by organisms in large quantities [93] |
potassium | 168–219 mg% | affects muscle spasms |
magnesium | 8.3–9.5 mg% | with calcium is responsible for the proper functioning of the nervous system |
calcium | 5–7.2 mg% | for the proper functioning of the muscular system |
micronutrients | Â | they are required by organisms throughout life in small quantities to orchestrate a range of physiological functions [93] |
iron | 1.24Â mg% | component of hemoglobin, myoglobin and coenzymes many enzymes involved, among others, in the formation of ATP |
zinc | 0.25Â mg% | participates in various stages of protein biosynthesis, ingredient of insulin (also plays an important role in the storage of the pancreas), regulates the concentration of vitamin A is used in the formation of bone, stimulates growth and tissue repair (wound healing) |
manganese | necessary for proper development of tissue (especially bone) and for the functioning of the central nervous system | |
copper | 0.006Â mg% | cofactor of many enzymes |
nickel | 0.015Â mg% | component of urease - an enzyme decomposing urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide |
vitamins | Â | they have diverse biochemical functions [93] |
vitamin C | 900Â mg% | antioxidant, participates in the synthesis of collagen fibers, removes free radicals and strengthens immunity. |
vitamin A | 60Â mg% | antioxidant |
vitamin E (tocopherols) | up to 160Â mg% | antioxidant |
vitamin B1 | 0.016–0.035 mg% | function as enzyme cofactors (coenzymes) or the precursors for them |
vitamin B2 | 0.03–0.05 mg% | |
vitamin B6 (Folic acid) | up to 0.079Â mg% | |
vitamin K1 | 0.9–15 mg% | normalizes blood clotting, and is essential for preventing osteoporosis and normal renal function |
vitamin D | Â | prevents rickets and osteomalacia |
carotenoids | 7.94–28.16 mg% | antioxidants and plant pigments, anticancer properties [91, 94,95,96,97,98] |
δ-carotene | 14–25 wt.% of carotenoids | |
γ-carotene | 30 wt.% of carotenoids | |
lycopene | 30Â wt.% of carotenoids | |
zeaxanthin and other carotenoids | 15Â wt.% of carotenoids |