Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of individuals among the three groups

From: Ceramide d18:1/24:1 as a potential biomarker to differentiate obesity subtypes with unfavorable health outcomes

	NW	OB
	(mean ± SD)	(mean ± SD)
	NC (n = 21)	MHO (n = 20)	MUO (n = 36)	P
Sex (Male : Female)	10:11	12:8	13:23	0.22¹
Age (y)	25.62 ± 3.78	26.05 ± 8.81	31.03 ± 8.52^b	0.007²
BMI (kg/m²)	20.75 ± 1.43	36.66 ± 5.27^a	37.34 ± 6.79^a	＜0.001²
SBP (mmHg)	115 ± 7	130 ± 11^a	144 ± 19^a	＜0.001²
DBP (mmHg)	68 ± 7	83 ± 9^a	91 ± 13^a	＜0.001²
WC (cm)	73.78 ± 7.72	110.90 ± 13.84^a	109.58 ± 11.86^a	＜0.001³
ALT (U/L)	18.26 ± 15.43	67.72 ± 55.94^a	70.02 ± 46.34^a	＜0.001²
AST (U/L)	21.94 ± 9.76	45.69 ± 32.18^a	45.55 ± 29.43^a	0.001²
TG (mg/dL)	68.05 ± 22.69	88.16 ± 28.11	202.72 ± 110.35^ab	＜0.001²
TC (mg/dL)	157.14 ± 23.60	183.89 ± 37.11^a	200.23 ± 38.47^a	＜0.001³
LDL-c (mg/dL)	87.39 ± 20.40	116.73 ± 32.37^a	133.13 ± 29.75^a	＜0.001³
HDL-c (mg/dL)	57.73 ± 12.54	46.72 ± 8.29^a	40.82 ± 6.84^a	＜0.001²
Lp(a) (mg/L)	186.90 ± 189.80	201.35 ± 185.31	147.68 ± 170.52	0.513²
GIR₃₀	10.92 ± 1.84	4.95 ± 1.54^a	4.10 ± 1.46^a	＜0.001³
FPG (mg/dL)	89.13 ± 9.21	86.81 ± 11.41	115.46 ± 32.17^ab	＜0.001²
SCr (µmol/L)	69.03 ± 16.56	65.49 ± 12.12	63.89 ± 13.24	0.41³
BUN(mmol/L)	4.79 ± 1.28	4.46 ± 0.91	4.70 ± 1.15	0.626³
UA (µmol/L)	348.99 ± 78.48	428.50 ± 119.09^a	410.93 ± 89.65	0.019³

Abbreviations: NW: normal weight; OB: obesity; BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; WC: waist circumference; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; TG: triglyceride; TC: total cholesterol; LDL-c: low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol; Lp(a): lipoprotein(a); FPG: fasting plasma glucose; SCr: serum creatinine; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; UA: uric acid
¹ The categorical variables among three groups were compared via the chi-square test; ²The continuous variables among three groups that were not normally distributed or normally distributed variables with heterogeneity of variance were compared via nonparametric tests and with post hoc tests of Kruskal‒Wallis tests. ³ The continuous variables among the three groups that were normally distributed were compared via one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction
^a Significant differences (P < 0.05) were shown with the NC group through post hoc tests. ^b Significant differences (P < 0.05) were shown with MHO through post hoc tests

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ISSN: 1476-511X

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