Table 1 Sociodemographic, health conditions and habits, physical activity, anthropometric and body composition, and dietary intake of men by quintiles of dietary cholesterol (NHANES, 2013–2014)

Dietary Cholesterol (mg)

346.2 (83.1)

238.1 (33.2)

296.1 (11.4)

333.9 (10.5)

377.9 (16.2)

473.8 (63.9)

 < 0.001

Age, years

46.9 (16.88)

52.3 (19.08)

47.4 (17.25)

47.0 (16.78)

46.2 (14.57)

42.4 (15.65)

 < 0.001

Non-Hispanic white, %

66.6 (60.6 – 72.1)

68.8 (62.3 – 74.4)

71.6 (64.0 – 78.2)

67.1 (59.1 – 74.2)

67.5 (60.6 – 73.7)

57.9 (48.6 – 66.6)

0.013

Marital status, %

0.276

Single/divorced/widowed/never married

32.8 (28.7 – 37.1)

31.2 (25.6 – 38.1)

32.3 (23.8 – 42.1)

33.1 (26.6 – 40.7)

28.9 (22.5 – 36.2)

38.4 (30.7 – 46.8)

Married/living as married

67.1 (62.8 – 71.2)

68.7 (61.8 – 74.9)

67.6 (57.8 – 76.1)

66.6 (59.2 – 73.3)

71.0 – 63.7 – 77.4)

61.5 – 53.1 – 69.2)

Annual family income, %

0.767

$0–19.999

14.2 (10.8 – 18.4)

16.7 (12.6 – 21.8)

16.1 (9.8 – 25.2)

9.4 (6.4 – 13.7)

12.2 (8.1 – 17.9)

17.6 (11.3 – 26.3)

$20.000–54.999

33.7 (29.6 – 38.0)

38.9 (28.1 – 50.9)

28.2 (22.9 – 34.31)

41.5 (35.7 – 47.5)

28.0 (22.1 – 34.8)

32.5 (27.3 – 38.1)

$55.000–74.999

11.3 (8.8 – 14.3

9.9 (5.5 – 17.2)

12.5 (6.6 – 22.4)

13.8 (8.1 – 22.7)

9.5 (62.05 – 14.4)

10.2 (6.4 – 15.9)

Over $75.000

37.5 (31.5 – 44.0)

31.4 (25.7 – 37.8)

40.2 (32.5 – 48.4)

32.9 (27.3 – 39.0)

47.4 (38.0 – 57.0)

34.1 (24.0 – 45.9)

Missing

3.1 (2.1 – 46.64)

2.8 (0.9 – 8.1)

2.8 (1.0 – 7.4)

2.1 (0.9 – 4.6)

2.6 (1.4 – 4.8)

5.4 (3.1 – 9.1)

Educational level, %

0.348

High school graduate or under

35.8 (30.8 – 41.1)

39.5 (30.7 – 49.1)

34.6 (25.4 – 45.3)

38.8 (31.5 – 46.5)

27.5 (20.9 – 35.2)

39.6 (32.3 – 47.4)

Some college or above

64.1 (58.8 – 69.1)

60.4 (50.8 – 69.2)

65.3 (54.6 – 74.5)

61.1 (53.3 – 68.3)

72.4 (64.7 -79.0)

60.3 (52.5 – 67.6)

Missing

0.005 (0.004 – 0.05)

-

-

0.002 (0.0003 – 0.02)

-

-

Health conditions and habits

 < 0.001

 Hypertension, %

34.3 (30.5 – 38.4)

40.1 (32.8 – 47.8)

36.8 (29.8 – 44.4)

34.0 (27.8 – 40.9)

34.9 (27.3 – 43.4)

26.3 (20.7 – 32.8)

Diabetes, %

0.040

 Prediabetes

3.1 (2.1 – 4.4)

12.6 (5.5 – 28.5)

6.2 (2.7 – 13.3)

16.0 (7.8 – 32.3)

35.1 (15.3 – 78.2)

27.2 (12.2 – 59.3)

 Yes

9.1 (7.3 – 11.4)

13.2 (9.3 – 18.3)

9.9 (6.4 – 15.0)

8.8 (4.5 – 16.7)

5.8 (3.9 – 8.6)

8.7 (6.0 – 12.5)

 No

87.7 (85.2 – 89.8)

85.5 (80.8 – 89.2)

83.8 (75.3 89.7)

89.5 (81.7 – 94.1)

90.6 (86.0 – 93.7)

88.4 (84.0 – 91.8)

Smoking %

0.707

 Yes

19.0 (16.3 – 22.0)

21.4 (13.2 – 32.9)

18.7 (14.2 – 24.1)

16.4 (13.0 – 20.6)

21.2 (15.9 – 27.6)

17.6 (11.9 – 25.4)

 Missing

0.009 (0.001 – 0.08)

-

0.004 (0.0005 – 0.03)

-

-

-

Physical activity %

0.148

 Yes

55.9 (52.4 – 59.3)

49.5 (43.3 – 55.7)

56.4 (48.8 – 63.6)

53.6 (45.4 – 61.6)

61.4 (51.8 – 70.1)

57.4 (48.9 – 65.5)

 No

44.0 (40.6 – 47.5)

50.4 (44.2 – 56.6)

43.5 (36.3 – 51.1)

46.3 (38.3 – 54.5)

38.5 (29.8 – 48.1)

42.5 (34.4 – 51.0)

Anthropometrics

 Weight, kg

89.2 (20.2)

86.1 (21.9)

87.7 (19.8)

91.5 (18.5)

89.0 (17.7)

91.2 (23.3)

0.030

 Height, m

1.75 (0.7)

1.73 (0.7)

1.76 (0.7)

1.76 (0.6)

1.75 (0.7)

1.76 (0.7)

0.106

 Body mass index, kg/m²

28.8 (6.0)

28.4 (6.8)

28.2 (6.4)

29.4 (5.2)

28.9 (5.0)

29.2 (7.0)

0.046

Dietary intake

 Energy, kcal/day

2399.6 (516.4)

2006.9 (453.4)

2264.4 (399.4)

2360.0 (353. 6)

2531.4 (430.2)

2789.1 (605.1)

 < 0.001

 Carbohydrate, g/day

279.8 (69.7)

251.6 (67.3)

269.3 (56.3)

279.9 (54.9)

288.0 (66.4)

306.9 (89.9)

 < 0.001

 Protein, g/day

96.4 (20.3)

76.2 (14.5)

89.9 (13.9)

94.2 (14.2)

103.2 (14.4)

116.1 (21.1)

 < 0.001

 Protein, g/kg

1.13 (0.3)

0.9 (0.2)

1.1 (0.3)

1.1 (0.2)

1.2 (0.3)

1.3 (0.4)

 < 0.001

 Lipids, g/day

92.0 (20.7)

74.5 (17.5)

85.3 (14.7)

89.4 (14.5)

99.1 (16.9)

109.5 (22.3)

 < 0.001

 Saturated fat, g/day

29.8 (7.2)

23.6 (5.4)

27.5 (4.9)

29.1 (5.9)

32.4 (6.1)

35.7 (8.3)

 < 0.001

 Monounsaturated fat, g/day

32.3 (7.3)

26.5 (6.7)

30.1 (5.6)

31.4 (5.3)

34.6 (5.7)

38.3 (7.7)

 < 0.001

 Polyunsaturated fat, g/day

21.1 (4.7

17.9 (4.5)

19.9 (3.8)

20.3 (3.9)

22.3 (4.2)

24.3 (4.8)

 < 0.001

 Total ω-3, g/day

2.3 (0.4)

1.9 (0.4)

2.1 (0.3)

2.2 (0.4)

2.4 (0.4)

2.6 (0.4)

 < 0.001

 EPA, g/day

0.026 (0.004)

0.023 (0.004)

0.025 (0.004)

0.026 (0.004)

0.026(0.004)

0.028 (0.005)

 < 0.001

 DHA, g/day

0.078 (0.026)

0.061 (0.018)

0.701 (0.024)

0.076 (0.024)

0.081 (0.023)

0.099 (0.02)

 < 0.001

 ALA, g/day

1.9 (0.4)

1.6 (0.4)

1.8 (0.3)

1.9 (0.3)

2.0 (0.4)

2.2 (0.4)

 < 0.001

 Linoleic acid, g/day

18.5 (4.3)

15.8 (4.1)

16.6 (3.6)

17.9 (3.6)

19.7 (3.8)

21.3 (4.3)

 < 0.001

 Fiber, g/day

18.7 (6.0)

17.8 (7.2)

18.2 (5.4)

18.7 (5.7)

18.8 (5.1)

20.2 (6.7)

0.014

 Zinc, mg/day

12.9 (2.9)

10.8 (2.9)

12.1 (2.2)

12.6 (2.1)

13.6 (2.6)

15.0 (3.3)

 < 0.001

 Vitamin D, mcg/day

25.5 (35.6)

24.4 (36.6)

20.4 (19.4)

34.6 (55.8)

23.8 (28.9)

25.1 (22.5)

0.678

 Vitamin A, mcg/day

693.8 (613.0)

537.2 (681.5)

638.9 (516.8)

596.3 (457.1)

727.3 (505.1)

963.6 (815.9)

 < 0.001

 Alcohol, g/day

12.7 (15.7)

10.6 (1.0)

13.3 (1.5)

12.2 (0.9)

12.4 (1.0)

14.4 (1.4)

0.134

Biochemical parameters

 Total Cholesterol, mg/dL

187.2 (39.9)

180.5 (44.0)

183.3 (40.7)

191.4 (33.7)

193 (41.0)

185.9 (39.3)

0.055

 Total Testosterone, ng.dL

412.9 (176.9)

400.4 (167)

413.2 (177)

402.7 (160)

427.8 (200.2)

418.3 (166.1)

0.158