The physiological and pathological properties of Mead acid, an endogenous multifunctional n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid

Kawashima, Hiroshi; Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko

doi:10.1186/s12944-023-01937-6

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 1 Existence of MA in organisms other than systemic essential fatty acid deficiency

From: The physiological and pathological properties of Mead acid, an endogenous multifunctional n-9 polyunsaturated fatty acid

Tissue or cell	Organism	Characteristics	Fraction^a	Fatty acids (%)^b						Ref.
				C20-22 PUFA				C18 PUFA
				MA	ARA	EPA	DHA	OA	LA
				20:3n-9	20:4n-6	20:5n-3	22:6n-3	18:1n-9	18:2n-6
Plasma	Human	Neonate, venous umbilical plasma	PL	0.44	17.07	0.38	6.74	nd^c	6.40	[11]
		Pregnant mother	PL	0.16	7.93	0.64	4.79	nd	20.81
	Rat	PPARa agonist-fed	TL	> 3^d	< 5^d	nd	nd	nd	nd	[12]
		Olive oil-fed	TL	0.7	6.4	nd	nd	nd	nd
Serum	Human	18–33 years old	PL	0.24	9.25	0.79	2.93	11.95	21.57	[13]
	Calf	Near-term, articular	Polar L	0.46	7.79	0.58	3.85	15.79	2.00	[14]
	Chicken	8–10 weeks old, articular	Polar L	0.47	26.01	nd	nd	6.37	11.71
Blood vessel	Human	Neonate, umbilical arteries	PL	2.53	12.35	0.03	5.48	nd	1.04	[11]
	Human	Neonate, umbilical arteries	PL	2.4	12.0	0.05	4.7	13.5	1.7	[15]
		Adult, colonic arteries	PL	0.1	20.3	0.3	3.2	13.4	5.1
Liver	Human	Fetal, 18–38 weeks of gestation	TL	0.4	22.9	0.2	7.3	11.9	6.6	[16]
		Adult, 37–90 years old	TL	0.2	12.2	0.8	2.4	12.9	14.6
	Human	Fetal, 24 weeks of gestation	PL	0.70	18.42	0.45	4.39	12.13	4.59	[17]
	Rat	PPARa agonist-fed	TL	> 6^d	< 16^d	nd	nd	nd	nd	[12]
		Olive oil-fed	TL	1.8	14.2	nd	nd	nd	nd
Cartilage	Human	Fetal, femoral head	TL	2.0	15.2	< 0.1	2.8	21.4	2.9	[16]
		Infant, femoral head	TL	1.5	11.0	< 0.1	1.1	22.3	6.1
		Adult, femoral head	TL	< 0.1	9.1	< 0.1	0.8	13.5	8.9
	Sheep	Fetal	TL	3.0	6.0	0.9	2.7	30.4	0.6	[16]
		Mature	TL	0.1	4.1	0.4	1.0	25.6	6.0
	Calf	Near-term, articular	Polar L	5.12	5.13	0.40	1.66	29.61	1.49	[14]
	Pig	Newborn, articular	Polar L	8.11	6.53	0.34	1.22	23.14	1.21
	Chicken	8–10 weeks old, articular	Polar L	16.98	9.42	nd	nd	24.51	4.78
Lens	Calf	Near-term	Polar L	3.19	7.48	0.48	2.18	30.68	2.61	[14]
Cell line	Rat	PC12, adrenal pheochromocytoma	PE	3.8	8.8	0.3	1.9	14.5	1.7	[18]
	Human	T-24, bladder cancer	TL	0.5	6.3	3.6^e		34.9	4.6	[19]
Mycelium	Fungus	Mortierella alpina M209-7	TL	25.5	< 0.5	< 0.5	< 0.5	37.0	< 0.5	[20]

^aPL phospholipids, TL total lipids, Polar L, polar lipids
^bweight % except for [12] (mol%). MA mead acid, ARA arachidonic acid, EPA eicosapentaenoic acid, DHA docosahexaenoic acid.
^cnot described
^dapproximate number read from Fig. 4 in [12]
^eEPA + DHA

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