Table 3 The associations of the quartile of serum carotenoids, relative to Quartile 1 with LAP

α-carotene (ug/dL)

Continuous

−8.52 (− 10.44, − 6.59)

−8.97 (− 11.13, − 6.81)

−4.47 (− 6.10, − 2.84)

Q1

< 1.40

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

1.40–2.70

−12.25 (− 19.59, − 4.90)

−13.67 (− 21.18, − 6.15)

−10.46 (− 16.56, − 4.35)

Q3

2.70–5.00

−17.54 (− 24.88, − 10.19)

−20.11 (− 27.56, − 12.66)

−14.49 (− 21.13, − 7.85)

Q4

≥ 5.00

−27.71 (− 34.36, − 21.06)

−30.63 (− 37.71, − 23.54)

−19.40 (− 25.47, − 13.32)

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

β-carotene (ug/dL)

Continuous

−10.46 (− 13.49, − 7.43)

−11.98 (− 15.57, − 8.39)

−6.18 (− 8.13, − 4.22)

Q1

< 7.50

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

7.50–12.89

−18.45 (− 25.51, − 11.38)

−19.52 (− 26.63, − 12.41)

−14.50 (− 21.00, − 7.99)

Q3

12.89–23.30

−21.99 (− 28.51, − 15.46)

−25.67 (− 32.11, − 19.23)

−18.84 (− 24.33, − 13.35)

Q4

> 23.30

−37.83 (− 43.99, − 31.67)

−44.69 (− 51.25, − 38.13)

−29.21 (− 35.21, − 23.22)

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

β-cryptoxanthin (ug/dL)

Continuous

−8.56 (− 11.19, − 5.92)

−8.71 (− 11.42, − 5.99)

−4.87 (− 7.05, − 2.69)

Q1

< 4.80

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

4.80–7.70

−12.11 (− 20.06, − 4.17)

−11.32 (− 19.19, − 3.46)

−8.55 (− 14.71, − 2.40)

Q3

7.70–12.70

−17.88 (− 24.71, − 11.04)

−17.58 (− 24.07, − 11.09)

−10.72 (− 16.28, − 5.15)

Q4

> 12.70

−24.4 (− 30.58, − 18.23)

−24.83 (− 30.91, − 18.75)

−13.82 (− 19.59, − 8.05)

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Lutein/zeaxanthin (ug/dL)

Continuous

−4.94 (− 7.31, − 2.57)

−6.88 (− 9.26, − 4.51)

−4.29 (− 6.35, − 2.22)

Q1

< 10.46

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

10.46–14.50

−2.2 (− 9.00, 4.61)

−3.63 (− 10.25, 2.98)

−2.76 (− 7.82, 2.31)

Q3

14.50–20.10

−10.17 (− 15.38, − 4.97)

−12.78 (− 17.71, − 7.85)

−9.00 (− 13.64, − 4.37)

Q4

≥ 20.10

−10.39 (− 16.33, − 4.46)

−15.3 (− 21.00, − 9.60)

−10.11 (− 15.73, − 4.50)

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

Trans-lycopene (ug/dL)

Continuous

−1.55 (− 4.01, 0.91)

−0.16 (− 2.74, 2.42)

−5.88 (− 8.62, − 3.13)

Q1

< 14.00

Ref

Ref

Ref

Q2

14.00–20.11

−9.74 (− 16.13, − 3.35)

−5.51 (− 11.88, 0.85)

−5.84 (− 12.49, 0.81)

Q3

20.11–28.23

−8.04 (− 15.57, − 0.50)

−2.49 (− 10.37, 5.38)

−6.87 (− 14.42, 0.67)

Q4

≥ 28.23

−8.55 (− 15.67, − 1.43)

−3.79 (− 11.20, 3.63)

−15.65 (− 24.09, − 7.21)

P for trend

0.051

0.534

< 0.001