Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics

Demographic data

Age (years)

60.92 ± 10.94

61.65 ± 12.16

64.45 ± 10.00

2.16

0.117

Male sex, n (%)

27(54.00%)

126(72.00%)

58(68.20%)

7.59

0.055

BMI (kg/m²)

24.58 ± 3.87

25.10 ± 3.69

24.78 ± 2.80

0.53

0.592

Medical history

Smoking, n (%)

19(38.00%)

81(46.30%)

40(47.10%)

1.25

0.536

Drinking, n (%)

12(24.00%)

55(31.40%)

22(25.90%)

1.51

0.471

Hypertension, n (%)

21(42.00%)

96(54.90%)

53(62.40%)

5.27

0.072

T2DM, n (%)

10(20.00%)

32(18.30%)^a

29(34.10%)^b

8.41

< 0.001

Laboratory measurement

TC (mmol/L)

4.61 ± 0.89

4.82 ± 1.02^a

5.47 ± 1.23^ab

12.83

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

0.79(0.56,0.99)

1.35(1.05,1.70)^a

2.28(1.82,3.01)^ab

155.24

< 0.001

HDL-C (mmol/L)

2.17 ± 0.64

1.22 ± 0.34^a

0.93 ± 0.32^ab

87.10

< 0.001

LDL-C (mmol/L)

1.56(1.22,2.14)

2.87(2.36,3.54)^a

4.06(2.70,4.66)^ab

90.34

< 0.001

nHDL (mmol/L)

2.90(2.41,3.75)

2.85(2.27,3.53)

2.90(2.23,3.86)

1.38

0.501

VLDL (mmol/L)

0.49(0.39,0.77)

0.54(0.39,0.79)

0.52(0.39,0.86)

1.06

0.587

ApoA1 (g/L)

1.34 ± 0.27

1.24 ± 0.19^a

1.23 ± 0.19^a

4.39

< 0.001

ApoB (g/L)

0.69 ± 0.22

0.85 ± 0.28^a

0.93 ± 0.33^a

10.19

< 0.001

SFRP5 (pg/mL)

123.24 ± 13.74

102.75 ± 16.34^a

87.11 ± 12.96^ab

91.21

< 0.001

Lp-a (mmol/L)

92.00(34.50,223.50)

145.00(66.00,315.00)

190.00(72.00,369.50)^a

7.48

< 0.001

D-D (mg/L)

0.25(0.16,0.41)

0.22(0.15,0.39)

0.32(0.23,0.51)^b

20.25

< 0.001

FIB (g/L)

3.06(2.54,3.58)

2.98(2.59,3.48)

3.23(2.69,3.82)^ab

7.51

< 0.001

LDH (U/L)

204.00(174.50,227.00)

178.00(158.50,207.25)^a

194.50(161.75,229.25)^b

10.93

< 0.001

CK-MB (U/L)

11.00(8.00,12.00)

12.00(9.75,16.00)^a

14.00(11.00,21.25)^b

21.93

< 0.001

eGFR (ml/min)

96.00(82.50,109.00)

94.50(81.00,106.25)

94.50(81.25,103.00)

0.78

0.679

UA (mmol/L)

322.22 ± 93.78

358.32 ± 95.91

370.38 ± 108.55^a

3.84

< 0.001

Scr (umol/L)

71.10(56.65,79.55)

74.15(61.55,86.18)

73.65(63.28,85.23)

2.36

0.307

FBG (mmol/L)

4.89(4.56,5.43)

5.25(4.74,5.79)

5.84(5.10,7.21)^ab

36.86

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

4.90(4.40,5.45)

5.40(4.90,6.30)^a

6.00(5.30–6.75)^ab

38.51

< 0.001

TyG Index

8.19 ± 0.89

8.67 ± 0.58^a

9.34 ± 0.54^ab

59.05

< 0.001

EF (%)

61.00(59.00,63.00)

60.00(57.00,63.00)

58.50(54.00,64.00)^ab

12.59

< 0.001

LVD (cm)

4.63(4.47,5.06)

4.88(4.61,5.18)

4.98(4.59,5.30)^a

6.56

< 0.001