Table 2 Description of study participants

Age, years, mean (SE)

50.9 (0.1)

52.5 (0.1)

53.6 (0.1)

54.4 (0.1)

54.4 (0.1)

BMI, kg/m², mean (SE)

20.5 (0.0)

22.5 (0.0)

23.7 (0.0)

25.1 (0.0)

27.7 (0.0)

Male, n (%)

4,207 (18.3)

5,104 (22.2)

5,909 (25.7)

6,644 (28.9)

6,782 (29.5)

Elementary education, n (%)

2,028 (8.8)

2,656 (11.6)

3,312 (14.4)

4,215 (18.3)

5,053 (22.0)

Income, < 1000USD, n (%)

1,748 (7.6)

1,859 (8.1)

2,154 (9.4)

2,537 (11.0)

2,913 (12.7)

Single/others, n (%)

2,527 (11.0)

2,180 (9.5)

2,274 (9.9)

2,354 (10.2)

2,726 (11.9)

Rural residents, n (%)

7,195 (31.3)

7,146 (31.1)

7,115 (30.9)

7,379 (32.1)

7,764 (33.8)

Current smokers, n (%)

3,196 (13.9)

3,487 (15.2)

3,555 (15.5)

3,612 (15.7)

3,514 (15.3)

Current drinkers, n (%)

10,587 (46.1)

10,534 (45.8)

10,503 (45.7)

10,028 (43.6)

10,101 (43.9)

Regular exercise, n (%)

7,984 (34.7)

8,472 (36.9)

8,727 (38.0)

8,433 (36.7)

7,634 (33.2)

Elevated hs-CRP, n (%)

1,071 (4.7)

1,176 (5.1)

1,418 (6.2)

1,621 (7.1)

2,454 (10.7)

History of Cancer, n (%)

854 (3.7)

731 (3.2)

766 (3.3)

752 (3.3)

712 (3.1)

History of CVD, n (%)

328 (1.4)

443 (1.9)

555 (2.4)

651 (2.8)

750 (3.3)

Disease score, ≥ 1, n (%)

1,372 (6.0)

1,691 (7.4)

2,005 (8.7)

2,134 (9.3)

2,495 (10.9)

TyG, median (IQR)

7.9 (7.6–8.2)

8.3 (7.9–8.5)

8.5 (8.2–8.8)

8.7 (8.4-9.0)

9.1 (8.7–9.4)

TyG-BMI, median (IQR)

164 (164 − 155)

184 (178–191)

199 (193–208)

218 (210–224)

247 (236–261)

TyG-WC, median (IQR)

572 (533–620)

634 (593–685)

678 (636–731)

727 (684–777)

808 (755–865)

METS-IR, median (IQR)

27.0 (25.9–29.4)

31.3 (29.7–33.2)

34.0 (32.4–36.0)

37.1 (35.4–39.2)

42.6 (40.0-45.6)

VAI, median (IQR)

1.8 (1.3–2.3)

2.2 (1.6–2.9)

2.6 (1.9–3.4)

3.0 (2.3–3.9)

3.8 (2.8–5.2)

LAP, median (IQR)

8.5 (5.6–12.3)

15.9 (11.7–21.5)

23.2 (17.4–31.2)

33.4 (25.2–44.6)

54.5 (39.9–77.2)