Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 3 Calculated daily nutrient intake at baseline and after four weeks of supplementation ¹

From: Supplementation of arachidonic acid-enriched oil increases arachidonic acid contents in plasma phospholipids, but does not increase their metabolites and clinical parameters in Japanese healthy elderly individuals: a randomized controlled study

Nutrient		Baseline (week 0)			Supplementation (week 4)
		Placebo	Low-ARA	High-ARA	Placebo	Low-ARA	High-ARA
Energy	kcal/d	1871 ± 483	1779 ± 439	2017 ± 636	1973 ± 550	1748 ± 410	1945 ± 497
Protein	g/d	73.4 ± 21.6	67.1 ± 17.2	78.0 ± 22.2	74.6 ± 21.4	68.9 ± 17.8	77.0 ± 21.4
Carbohydrate	g/d	256 ± 68	234 ± 82	260 ± 91	278 ± 76	227 ± 63	259 ± 74
Total fat	g/d	56.0 ± 19.1	52.8 ± 16.6	61.0 ± 21.9	56.5 ± 22.3	52.4 ± 14.8	57.5 ± 16.8
SFA	g/d	16.2 ± 6.3	14.7 ± 5.0	16.3 ± 6.7	15.5 ± 8.1	14.1 ± 4.4	15.2 ± 5.2
MUFA	g/d	19.3 ± 7.0	18.4 ± 6.4	21.8 ± 8.2	19.6 ± 7.6	18.4 ± 5.7	20.4 ± 6.1
PUFA	g/d	13.1 ± 4.6	12.7 ± 3.6	14.8 ± 4.7	13.8 ± 4.3	12.8 ± 3.4	14.1 ± 4.0
18:2n-6	g/d	9.96 ± 3.52	9.76 ± 2.85	11.12 ± 3.60	10.59 ± 3.34	9.71 ± 2.56	10.74 ± 3.05
20:4n-6	mg/d	174 ± 56	170 ± 71	199 ± 74	172 ± 67	174 ± 73	189 ± 66
18:3n-3	g/d	1.61 ± 0.61	1.52 ± 0.48	1.79 ± 0.62	1.67 ± 0.57	1.51 ± 0.41	1.71 ± 0.51
20:5n-3	mg/d	377 ± 215	315 ± 172	447 ± 163	366 ± 197	367 ± 190	399 ± 202
22:6n-3	mg/d	616 ± 323	538 ± 267	729 ± 261	600 ± 289	611 ± 301	658 ± 306

¹Values are means ± SD (n = 20, placebo group; n = 22, low-ARA; n = 22, high-ARA). No significant differences between time points (Student's t-test) or groups (ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test).
²SFA, saturated fatty acid; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; 18:2n-6, linoleic acid; 20:4n-6, arachidonic acid; 18:3n-3, α-linolenic acid; 20:5n-3, eicosapentaenoic acid; and 22:6n-3, docosahexaenoic acid.

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