Figure 3
From: DL- and PO-phosphatidylcholines as a promising learning and memory enhancer
Effect of DLPhtCho and/or POPhtCho on cognitive disorders for humans. MMSE test was carried out once a month before and after oral intake with DLPhtCho, POPhtCho, and DLPhtCho plus POPhtCho once after breakfast every day. (A) Each point represents the mean (± SEM) MMSE score at the periods as indicated for 75 subjects with oral intake with DLPhtCho (50 mg/day) plus POPhtCho (45 mg/kg). **P < 0.001 as compared with the score before oral intake, paired t-test. (B) An MMSE score rise was calculated 5 months after oral intake with DLPhtCho (100 mg/day) alone for 21 subjects, POPhtCho (90 mg/day) alone for 214 subjects, and DLPhtCho (50 mg/day) plus POPhtCho (45 mg/kg) for 75 subjects. Each column represents the mean (± SEM) MMSE rise. P values, Dunnett's test.