Table 1 Anthropometric, clinical and nutritional data of the population, according to BMD

Age (years)

50.9 (8.2)

51 (8.5)

0.989

Weight (kg)

64.3 (5.2)

61.7 (6.7)

0.052

Height (m)

1.58 (0.1)

1.57 (0.0)

0.241

BMI (kg/m²)

25.6 (2.4)

25.2 (2.6)

0.497

Age of menarche (years)

13.0 (2.4)

13.0 (1.4)

0.913

Parity

2.4 (1.4)

2.2 (1.3)

0.460

Smoking packets-year

16.7 (19.3)

26.2 (27.7)

0.290

TPA index (score)

7.6 (1.2)

7.9 (1.3)

0.412

Bone Mineral Density

Lumbar spine (g/cm²)

1.408 (0.1)

1.209 (0.1)

< 0.001

T-score

1.9 (1.0)

0.2 (0.8)

< 0.001

Z-score

2.5 (1.1)

0.9 (0.9)

< 0.001

Femoral neck (g/cm²)

1.119 (0.1)

0.986 (0.08)

< 0.001

T-score

0.9 (0.9)

-0.2 (0.6)

< 0.001

Z-score

1.7 (0.6)

0.7 (1.0)

< 0.001

Total femoral (g/cm²)

1.166 (0.1)

1.043 (0.2)

< 0.001

T-score

1.4 (1.0)

0.2 (0.7)

< 0.001

Z-score

1.9 (1.1)

0.7 (0.7)

< 0.001

Body Composition

FFM (kg)

36.4 (4.1)

34.4 (3.9)

0.029

ALM (kg)

16.1 (1.9)

15.0 (1.7)

0.007

RSMI (kg/m²)

6.3 (0.7)

6.1 (0.7)

0.278

Body fat (%)

39.4 (6.8)

40.5 (6.0)

0.433

Total body fat mass (kg)

24.0 (4.8)

23.6 (5.4)

0.740

Dietary Intake (day)

Energy (kcal)

1697.3 (460.5)

1749.3 (575.9)

0.653

Protein (g)

74.2 (10.9)

67.0 (11.3)

0.005

Fat (g)

57.6 (11.9)

58.8 (14.9)

0.700

Carbohidrate (g)

235.1 (30.7)

238.7 (36.9)

0.637

Calcium (mg)

836.4 (249.8)

754.7 (219.7)

0.124

Phosphorus (mg)

1178.9 (178.8)

1068.2 (153.9)

0.004

Vitamin D (μg)

1.9 (2.2)

2.0 (1.4)

0.944