Table 2 Characteristics and functions of hormones related to appetite regulation
From: Dietary whey protein lessens several risk factors for metabolic diseases: a review
Hormones | Production and effects |
|---|---|
CCK | Produced: duodenum |
Effect: reduces appetite | |
GLP-1 | Produced: mainly in distal intestine (L cells) |
Effect: reduces appetite | |
Ghrelin | Produced: stomach |
Effect: stimulates appetite | |
GIP | Produced: K cells of the duodenum |
Effect: reduces appetite and potentiate insulin release | |
Leptin | Produced: mainly in adipose tissue |
Effect: suppress appetite | |
Uroguanylin [56] | Produced: intestinal epithelial cells |
Effect: reduces appetite |