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Table 3 Cheek cell FA composition during supplementation with linseed oil mix and olive oil

From: Cheek cell fatty acids reflect n-3 PUFA in blood fractions during linseed oil supplementation: a controlled human intervention study

FA [% FAME]

Test group - linseed oil mix (LO) (n = 23)

Control group - olive oil (OO) (n = 15)

LO x OO

Day 0

Day 7

Day 56

Day 0

Day 7

Day 56

Day 56

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

P 1

SFA

       

 C16:0

17.1 ± 2.20a

16.9 ± 2.14ab

15.9 ± 1.75b

17.0 ± 1.55

16.9 ± 1.89

16.6 ± 2.18

0.590

 C18:0

16.7 ± 3.82

15.9 ± 3.08

15.8 ± 2.78

16.3 ± 2.71

15.3 ± 1.60

16.1 ± 2.25

0.672

n-9 MUFA

       

 C18:1n-9 (OA)

27.0 ± 3.76b

26.6 ± 3.00b

28.0 ± 2.93a

26.4 ± 2.47b

27.8 ± 1.75a

27.9 ± 2.59a

0.222

 Total n-9

27.4 ± 3.78b

27.0 ± 3.01b

28.4 ± 2.92a

26.8 ± 2.49b

28.3 ± 1.76a

28.4 ± 2.55a

0.206

n-6 PUFA

       

 C18:2n-6 (LA)

16.6 ± 2.01b

18.2 ± 4.79ab

17.4 ± 1.93a

17.9 ± 2.04

17.8 ± 1.90

16.6 ± 1.61

0.070

 C18:3n-6

0.10 ± 0.03a

0.09 ± 0.03b

0.10 ± 0.04ab

0.09 ± 0.03

0.10 ± 0.02

0.11 ± 0.03

0.306

 C20:3n-6

1.20 ± 0.28

1.13 ± 0.33

1.18 ± 0.25

1.09 ± 0.13b

1.09 ± 0.22b

1.18 ± 0.23a

0.108

 C20:4n-6 (AA)

3.15 ± 0.74

3.18 ± 0.89

3.30 ± 0.73

3.58 ± 0.74

3.61 ± 0.68

3.71 ± 0.69

0.215

 C22:5n- 6

0.06 ± 0.03

0.06 ± 0.03

0.07 ± 0.05

0.07 ± 0.01b

0.07 ± 0.02b

0.08 ± 0.02a

0.259

 Total n-6

21.6 ± 2.51b

23.2 ± 4.70ab

22.6 ± 2.33a

23.4 ± 2.18

23.3 ± 1.94

22.3 ± 1.89

0.350

n-3 PUFA

       

 C18:3n-3 (ALA)

0.27 ± 0.10c

0.39 ± 0.09b

0.50 ± 0.18a

0.31 ± 0.18

0.25 ± 0.06

0.26 ± 0.11

0.001

 C20:4n-3 (ETA)

0.06 ± 0.03c

0.08 ± 0.05b

0.11 ± 0.03a

0.05 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.02

0.05 ± 0.02

0.001

 C20:5n-3 (EPA)

0.21 ± 0.08b

0.23 ± 0.09b

0.33 ± 0.11a

0.22 ± 0.08

0.24 ± 0.11

0.22 ± 0.07

0.001

 C22:5n-3 (DPA)

0.20 ± 0.07b

0.20 ± 0.08b

0.30 ± 0.10a

0.27 ± 0.09

0.29 ± 0.10

0.26 ± 0.09

0.006

 C22:6n-3 (DHA)

0.77 ± 0.24

0.83 ± 0.34

0.76 ± 0.28

0.82 ± 0.28

0.82 ± 0.29

0.76 ± 0.22

0.796

 Total n-3

1.62 ± 0.37c

1.87 ± 0.50b

2.16 ± 0.58a

1.77 ± 0.51

1.75 ± 0.45

1.70 ± 0.42

0.001

Sum

       

 Σ SFA

40.8 ± 6.23a

39.6 ± 6.01ab

38.3 ± 4.69b

39.8 ± 3.31

38.8 ± 2.78

39.5 ± 4.48

0.616

 Σ MUFA

35.9 ± 5.04

35.3 ± 3.92

36.8 ± 4.19

34.9 ± 2.65b

36.0 ± 2.31a

36.4 ± 3.23a

0.294

 Σ PUFA

23.3 ± 2.72b

25.2 ± 4.65b

24.9 ± 2.66a

25.3 ± 2.46

25.2 ± 1.93

24.1 ± 1.85

0.099

Ratio

       

n-6/n-3

13.9 ± 3.22a

13.5 ± 5.63a

11.0 ± 2.44b

13.9 ± 2.75

14.1 ± 3.63

13.9 ± 3.75

0.001

 AA/EPA

15.9 ± 4.33a

14.8 ± 4.19a

10.6 ± 2.49b

17.5 ± 5.50

17.1 ± 5.64

18.2 ± 7.00

0.001

  1. Values are presented as mean ± SD.
  2. All FA were statistically analyzed with GLM repeated-measured analysis; abcDifferent letters indicate significant differences between FA proportions within the treatment groups (P ≤ 0.05); 1Differences between the test group and control group at day 56 (end of intervention) were analyzed with GLM univariate ANCOVA (age and baseline value as covariate, pairwise comparison with bonferroni adjustment).