Table 1 Detailed characteristics of included patients

Age

59.4 ± 10.0

67.1 ± 12.9

P < 0.0001

69.0 ± 10.7¹

64.5 ± 14.8

67.9 ± 14.4

P = 0.005

Sex, male (%)

35.6%

56.1%

P = 0.017

51.9%

51.6%

36.0%

P = 0.0053

DM (%)

11.1%

34.1%

P = 0.003

22.2%

32.3¹

24.0%

P = 0.003

Hypertension (%)

48.9%

88.6%

P < 0.0001

92.6%³

90.3%³

92.0%³

P < 0.0001

Lipid disorders (%)

37.8%

31.1%

NS

25.9%

38.7%

40.0%

NS

Obesity (%)

33.3%

37.1%

NS

51.9%

45.2%

32.0%

NS

General atherosclerosis (%)

6.7%

25.0%

P = 0.008

25.9%

16.1%

24.0%

P = 0.05

K ⁺ [mmol/l]

4.27 ± 0.52

4.64 ± 0.73

P = 0.007

4.59 ± 0.56

4.31 ± 0.48

4.62 ± 0.58

P = 0.003

Haemoglobin [g/dl]

13.4 ± 1.5

11.3 ± 2.0

P < 0.0001

11.9 ± 1.8¹

12.6 ± 1.8

11.2 ± 2.0³

P < 0.0001

Platelet [*10 ³ /μl]

246.3 ± 70.6

244.1 ± 95.3

NS

250.4 ± 108.6

243.2 ± 71.4

250.0 ± 120.2

NS

Monocytes [*10 ³ /μl]

0.44 ± 0.14

0.49 ± 0.23

NS

0.49 ± 0.21

0.50 ± 0.25

0.57 ± 0.29

NS

CRP [mg/l]

1.7 (0.8-4.8)

6.4 (2.3-12.4)

P < 0.0001

6.4 (2.0-12.7)¹

3.9 (1.9-7.9)

7.6 (2.4-18.1)²

P < 0.0001

ALP [U/l]

82.2 ± 34.9

94.5 ± 55.4

NS

93.3 ± 32.8

69.2 ± 31.7

111.8 ± 101.9

P = 0.004

79.5 (59.2-97.0)

86.0 (66.0-108.2)

88.5 (66.7-106.6)

67.0 (51.0-82.0)

82.0 (66.0-107.0)

APTT [s]

29.4 ± 3.1

37.4 ± 11.4

P < 0.0001

34.2 ± 5.1¹

35.5 ± 12.4

40.0 ± 14.8²

P < 0.0001

APTT ratio

0.95 ± 0.21

1.13 ± 0.37

P = 0.002

1.06 ± 0.19

1.10 ± 0.45

1.16 ± 0.43

P = 0.019

Fe [μmol/l]

16.9 ± 6.0

11.5 ± 6.2

P < 0.0001

10.5 ± 5.7²

15.3 ± 8.1

11.0 ± 4.6²

P < 0.0001

TIBC [μmol/l]

49.0 (45.0-50.0)

44.6 (36.5-56.8)

NS

54.2 (35.7-61.0)

61.0 (52.5-145.5)

45.0 (36.5-57.1)⁷

P < 0.0001

Ferritin [ng/ml]

271.0 (8.5-328.0)

228 (105.5-680.5)

NS

182.5 (66.0-421.2)

134.9 (49.0-221.0)

277 (153.3-868.0)

NS (P = 0.097)

Ca ²⁺ [mmol/l]

2.36 ± 0.11

2.24 ± 0.23

P = 0.006

2.25 ± 0.20

2.34 ± 0.20

2.30 ± 0.21

P < 0.0001

Inorganic P [mmol/l]

1.12 ± 0.15

1.49 ± 0.49

P < 0.0001

1.49 ± 0.66

1.23 ± 0.24

1.39 ± 0.36¹

P < 0.0001

LDL [mmol/l]

3.50 ± 0.76

3.08 ± 1.66

P = 0.001

2.96 ± 1.08

3.25 ± 1.68

3.86 ± 2.77

P = 0.007

HDL [mmol/l]

1.34 ± 0.36

1.26 ± 0.44

NS

1.37 ± 0.42

1.21 ± 0.38

1.38 ± 0.58

NS (P = 0.077)

TG [mmol/l]

1.6 ± 1.0

1.91 ± 1.00

NS (0.063)

1.7 ± 0.7

2.3 ± 1.3

1.8 ± 1.0

NS

Total cholesterol [mmol/l]

5.35 ± 0.79

5.13 ± 2.12

P = 0.033

5.05 ± 1.14

5.29 ± 1.72

6.08 ± 3.81

P = 0.035

Albumin [g/l]

44.8 ± 4.6

38.6 ± 6.1

P < 0.0001

38.1 ± 6.6¹

39.5 ± 6.8

39.4 ± 6.1

P = 0.002

Urea [mmol/l]

5.7 ± 2.0

17.1 ± 10.3

P < 0.0001

14.1 ± 8.5³

13.0 ± 12.8²

17.5 ± 7.2³

P < 0.0001

5.1 (4.5-6.4)

15.5 (9.1-22.5)

11.5 (7.0-24.2)

9.8 (6.7-13.5)

17.0 (11.7-21.7)

Creatinine [μmol/l]

83.1 ± 14.5

330.1 ± 234.9

P < 0.0001

290.6 ± 247.7³

159.6 ± 81.8³

260.2 ± 139.5³

P < 0.0001

82.0 (75.0-92.0)

264 (131.7-470.5)

227 (109–415)

137 (113–174)

232 (172.5-300)

Total protein [g/l]

69.5 ± 3.9

66.8 ± 10.0

NS

69.2 ± 10.5

63.7 ± 9.9

70.7 ± 9.8

NS (P = 0.084)

Uric acid [μmol/l]

305.0 ± 83.9

416.2 ± 128.3

P < 0.0001

442.8 ± 122.8³

418.3 ± 117.7²

459.8 ± 134.7³

P < 0.0001

eGFR MDRD

74.0 (65.2-83.5)

21 (12.2-42.0)

P < 0.0001

25.0 (14.7-53.2)³

42.0 (28.0-55.0)¹

21.4 (14.9-29.0)³

P < 0.0001

IVsd [mm]

13.6 ± 1.9

15.0 ± 2.6

P = 0.009

14.1 ± 1.8

14.7 ± 2.5

14.1 ± 2.1

P < 0.0001

IVss [mm]

15.1 ± 1.4

15.5 ± 2.1

NS

16.0 ± 2.1

15.4 ± 1.9

15.0 ± 2.2

NS

LV mass [g]

234.4 ± 51.1

345.0 ± 126.8

P < 0.0001

293.2 ± 72.5

326.8 ± 117.5

310.1 ± 96.0

P < 0.0001

LV hypertrophy [%]

95.2(%)

94.2%

NS

92.3%

96.6%

90.0%

NS

LV sys [mm]

37.1 ± 4.1

40.7 ± 7.6

P = 0.045

38.5 ± 5.7

39.9 ± 5.7

38.7 ± 6.3

P = 0.035

LV dias [mm]

44.1 ± 7.0

48.7 ± 7.2

P = 0.007

46.0 ± 5.0

47.4 ± 6.4

47.7 ± 5.7

P = 0.003

LA [mm]

40.6 ± 2.9

42.4 ± 4.1

P = 0.036

41.3 ± 2.9

41.2 ± 3.9

41.7 ± 3.2

P < 0.0001

RV [mm]

26.0 ± 3.3

27.5 ± 3.8

NS

27.6 ± 2.1

26.8 ± 4.7

26.9 ± 3.8

NS

E/A

0.87 ± 0.27

1.09 ± 0.59

NS

1.09 ± 0.73

0.80 ± 0.17

1.14 ± 0.18⁷

P = 0.014

E/E’

7.9 ± 1.7

10.7 ± 4.8

NS

8.6 ± 4.2

8.8 ± 4.1

12.6 ± 4.6

NS

Dec (DT)

209.6 ± 56.2

270.6 ± 123.6

NS

301.5 ± 157.9

321.3 ± 132.8

213.2 ± 73.4

NS

Contractility disorders [%]

52.4%

62.2%

NS

36.8%

45.0%

43.8%

P = 0.0001

EF%

53.0 ± 3.5

48.5 ± 8.6

P = 0.012

50.8 ± 4.5

51.1 ± 8.4

49.9 ± 10.2

P = 0.001

Mitral valve fibrosis [%]

63.6%

82.4%

NS (P = 0.079)

87.0%

73.9%

70.6%

NS

Aortic valve fibrosis [%]

13.6%

12.0%

NS

8.7%

8.7%

11.8%

NS

Mitral valve calcification [%]

9.1%

21.3%

NS

8.7%

13.0%

11.8%

NS

Aortic valve calcification [%]

9.5%

39.8%

P = 0.008

26.1%

21.7%

23.5%

NS

IM [%]

63.6%

71.6%

NS

65.2%

54.2%

64.7%

P = 0.045

IA [%]

4.8%

12.8%

NS

13.0%

8.3%

5.9%

NS

IT [%]

36.4%

58.3%

NS (P = 0.059)

47.8%

43.5%

47.1%

P = 0.012

Fetuin A [ng/ml]

37.5 (31.6-126.6)

33.2 (27.5-89.4)

P = 0.018

70.6 (30.9-119.7)

34.1 (28.5-92.5)

31.4 (26.2-114.0)

P = 0.002

Osteocalcin [ng/ml]

9.1 ± 6.0

13.6 ± 10.3

P = 0.05

10.6 ± 9.0

8.4 ± 5.8

11.7 ± 9.8

P < 0.0001

8.2 (5.1-13.0)

10.5 (5.0-23.1)

6.7 (4.3-19.1)

7.6 (4.3-11.9)

9.2 (4.5-17.9)

Osteopontin [ng/ml]

8.8 (7.2-37.8)

9.3 (7.8-17.8)

NS

9.4 (6.7-20.9)

8.1 (7.4-16.1)

9.8 (8.1-25.2)

NS

Osteoprotegerin [pmol/l]

7.6 ± 5.5

8.5 ± 6.2

NS

7.5 ± 6.9

5.8 ± 4.6

8.2 ± 6.0

P = 0.005

5.7 (2.9-12.0)

7.4 (3.5-12.2)

7.2 (1.1-11.0)

5.2 (1.1-9.5)

6.3 (3.7-11.6)

MGP [ng/ml]

92.9 ± 28.5

86.7 ± 36.7

NS

77.1 ± 43.5

83.1 ± 33.9

89.5 ± 32.1

NS

ABCG1 [ng/ml]

2.25 (0.98-2.58)

1.93 (0.72-2.43)

NS

1.94 (1.64-2.34)

1.86 (0.59-2.36)

2.19 (0.89-2.63)

NS

ABCA1 [ng/ml]

0.70 (0.62-0.75)

0.60 (0.44-0.74)

NS (P = 0.079)

0.71 (0.55-0.88)

0.51 (0.41-0.71)

0.59 (0.42-1.02)

NS (P = 0.054)

MMP-2 [ng/ml]

94.8 (54.2-166.3)

129.9 (73.4-219.3)

P = 0.045

206.9 ± 142.7

202.5 ± 152.3

160.6 ± 130.0

P = 0.008

113.1 ± 75.0

166.0 ± 129.9

166.9 (86.4-304.5)¹

156.1 (105.7-274.2)¹

136.5 (70.6-225.1)

MMP-9 [ng/ml]

21.5 ± 6.4

22.5 ± 7.1

NS

20.1 ± 7.4

21.9 ± 6.2

22.7 ± 8.0

NS

TIMP-1 [ng/ml]

21.8 ± 3.7

21.4 ± 2.4

NS

19.8 ± 3.5

21.8 ± 2.2

21.7 ± 1.9

P = 0.048

TIMP-2 [ng/ml]

22.1 ± 5.1

25.4 ± 7.0

P = 0.005

23.5 ± 6.4

23.9 ± 5.5

25.3 ± 6.5

P = 0.003

MMP-2/TIMP-2

4.5 (2.5-7.9)

6.1 (3.0-11.4)

NS (P = 0.056)

11.0 (5.7-17.9)²

7.4 (4.4-14.7)

6.3 (3.3-11.4)

P = 0.001

MMP-9/TIMP-1

1.09 (0.65-1.28)

1.15 (0.75-1.37)

NS

1.16 ± 0.56

1.17 ± 0.71

1.08 ± 0.41

NS

Renalase [ng/ml]

251.0 ± 157.0

316.1 ± 155.3

P = 0.026

354.5 ± 181.6

235.3 ± 152.3

279.4 ± 162.2

P < 0.0001