Table 1 Mean values of male adolescent physical characteristics across the three groups pre- and postintervention

Body mass, kg

SW

42.58 ± 7.67

43.09 ± 8.28

43.69 ± 7.84

44.17 ± 8.33

p > 0.05

SO

37.17 ± 7.58

37.86 ± 7.35

38.07 ± 7.35

38.52 ± 7.60

C

36.18 ± 6.09

36.60 ± 6.01

37.05 ± 6.32

37.66 ± 6.23

BMI (kg/m²)

SW

18.60 ± 2.30

19.52 ± 2.58

18.65 ± 2.18

17.54 ± 2.41

p > 0.05

SO

17.71 ± 2.16

18.76 ± 4.65

16.64 ± 2.50

17.60 ± 4.35

C

17.75 ± 2.32

17.67 ± 1.32

16.62 ± 2.38

18.66 ± 3.23

Body fat mass (%)

SW

14.94 ± 2.90

14.53 ± 4.16

14.10 ± 4.51

13.22 ± 4.83

p > 0.05

SO

13.77 ± 4.83

14.72 ± 4.27

12.28 ± 4.59

11.75 ± 6.15

C

12.69 ± 3.24

13.57 ± 2.51

13.82 ± 3.24

15.41 ± 3.47

Waist circumference, cm

SW

69.60 ± 4.87

70.57 ± 5.13

71.78 ± 5.27

65.10 ± 5.60

p > 0.05

SO

67.30 ± 6.15

69.11 ± 5.56

70.15 ± 5.90

71.26 ± 6.62

C

65.26 ± 5.95

65.36 ± 5.68

66.76 ± 5.51

67.60 ± 5.86

Hip circumference, cm

SW

73.35 ± 4.99

73.39 ± 4.92

74.64 ± 5.58

75.57 5.35

p > 0.05

SO

70.19 ± 6.95

70.07 ± 5.34

70.80 ± 6.30

71.61 ± 6.65

C

68.40 ± 5.76

68.93 ± 5.74

70.50 ± 5.89

70.5 ± 5.82

WH ratio

SW

0.94 ± 0.01

0.95 ± 0.04

0.95 ± 0.04

0.94 ± 0.06

p > 0.05

SO

0.95 ± 0.02

0.98 ± 0.01

0.98 ± 0.05

0.99 ± 0.06

C

0.95 ± 0.04

0.94 ± 0.05

0.94 ± 0.05

0.95 ± 0.06

SBP, mmHg

SW

117.29 ± 3.29

116.00 ± 2.82

114.57 ± 2.87

115.00 ± 3.11

p > 0.05

SO

120.85 ± 3.31

116.46 ± 4.55

118.08 ± 3.47

118.31 ± 3.90

C

117.60 ± 2.64

116.13 ± 4.10

115.60 ± 3.39

113.60 ± 3.13

DBP, mmHg

SW

64.00 ± 5.14

62.86 ± 3.11

63.71 ± 2.81

63.14 ± 2.79

p > 0.05

SO

64.00 ± 3.16

64.15 ± 3.87

64.46 ± 3.07

63.08 ± 3.70

C

64.13 ± 3.06

63.87 ± 3.81

62.80 ± 2.59

61.20 ± 2.80

RHR, beats/min

SW

74.71 ± 9.23

69.43 ± 7.90

66.43 ± 8.23

67.29 ± 7.30

p < 0.05

SO

69.60 ± 17.90

66.93 ± 10.08

65.87 ± 7.72

64.60 ± 7.82*

C

76.15 ± 9.78

74.15 ± 9.78

71.85 ± 8.62

72.69 ± 7.99