| |
PS-SO2
|
PS-OO
|
PS-FO
|
P value3
|
|---|
|
Inflammation
| | | | |
|
TNF-α (ng/L)
|
1.03 ± 0.191
|
1.03 ± 0.21
|
1.06 ± 0.24
|
0.9046
|
|
IL-6 (ng/L)
|
1.77 ± 0.22
|
1.91 ± 0.22
|
1.50 ± 0.17
|
0.1501
|
|
CRP (mg/L)
|
1.42 ± 0.48
|
1.48 ± 0.49
|
1.71 ± 0.63
|
0.8656
|
|
PSA4 (μg/L)
|
0.92 ± 0.10
|
0.84 ± 0.08
|
0.89 ± 0.09
|
0.6102
|
|
Coagulation
| | | | |
|
PAI-1 (μg/L)
|
40.3 ± 11.5a
|
26.6 ± 5.5ab
|
20.5 ± 2.6b
|
0.0297
|
|
Fibrinogen (g/L)
|
3.41 ± 0.15
|
3.42 ± 0.11
|
3.25 ± 0.11
|
0.2217
|
- 1 Values are means ± SE's.
- 2 CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; PAI-1: Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; PSA: prostate specific antigen; PS-SO: plant sterols esterified with sunflower oil fatty acids; PS-OO: plant sterols esterified with olive oil fatty acids; PS-FO: plant sterols esterified with fish oil fatty acids; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor – α
- 3 P values obtained by repeated-measures ANOVA.
- a, bValues not sharing a common superscript letter are significantly different at P < 0.05.
- 4 Chronic inflammation was suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia [54], which is associated with elevated PSA levels; n = 10
