Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with prokineticin-2 ≤ 6.32 or >6.32 ng/ml

Age (yrs)

61.8 ± 11.1

63.9 ± 11.6

59.7 ± 10.3

0.014

Men (n, %)

102(63.0 %)

44(55.7 %)

58(69.9 %)

0.062

Current smoking (n, %)

38(25.3 %)

18(24.3 %)

20(26.3 %)

0.779

Current drinking (n, %)

8(5.5 %)

4(5.6 %)

4(5.4 %)

0.968

Type 2 diabetes (n, %)

34(21.0 %)

12(15.2 %)

22(26.5 %)

0.077

Hypertension (n, %)

106(65.4 %)

50(63.3 %)

56(67.5 %)

0.576

History of lipid disorders (n, %)

18(11.1 %)

2(2.5 %)

16(19.3 %)

0.001

MS (n, %)

102(63.0 %)

38(48.1 %)

64(77.1 %)

<0.001

Waist circumference (cm)

89(79–96)

87(78–94)

90(80–97)

0.015

BMI (kg/m²)

25.7 ± 3.29

25.1 ± 3.48

26.3 ± 3.01

0.019

SBP (mmHg)

133(122–149)

132(121–151)

135(122–148)

0.536

DBP (mmHg)

77.0 ± 11.0

75.1 ± 11.2

78.8 ± 10.6

0.030

Triglyceride (mmol/l)

1.76 ± 1.63

1.29 ± 0.56

2.21 ± 2.13

<0.001

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

4.25 ± 1.31

4.08 ± 1.20

4.41 ± 1.39

0.114

LDL-C (mmol/l)

2.47 ± 1.02

2.41 ± 1.02

2.53 ± 1.03

0.478

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.06 ± 0.30

1.13 ± 0.32

0.98 ± 0.27

0.002

HDL-C/TC

0.27 ± 0.10

0.30 ± 0.11

0.24 ± 0.09

0.001

HbA1c (%)

6.18 ± 0.97

5.95 ± 0.59

6.35 ± 1.15

0.017

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)

5.47 ± 1.48

5.18 ± 1.13

5.74 ± 1.71

0.015

2 h plasma glucose (mmol/l)

8.15 ± 3.07

7.39 ± 2.50

8.90 ± 3.40

0.004

Serum creatinine (umol/l)

81(70–90)

79(69–90)

81(70–91)

0.547

Uric acid (umol/l)

330 ± 77.2

306 ± 69.1

353 ± 77.7

<0.001

Lipid-lowering treatment (n, %)

110(68.8 %)

50(64.9 %)

60(72.3 %)

0.316

Anti-hypertension therapy (n, %)

86(53.1 %)

42(53.2 %)

44(53.0 %)

0.984

Hypoglycemic treatment (n, %)

20(12.5 %)

6(7.8 %)

14(16.9 %)

0.083