The role of background diet on the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation in healthy pre-menopausal women: a randomized, cross-over, controlled study

Table 5 Average daily intake of nutrients in the low-fat diet and habitual diet phases (n = 38^a)

	Habitual diet	Low-fat diet	p-value
	(Mean ± SE; n = 38^a)	(Mean ± SE; n = 38)	p-value
Energy (kcal) (diet alone)^b	1884 ± 42	1761 ± 41	0.17
Energy (kcal) (diet + supplement)^c	1902 ± 45	1790 ± 26	0.22
Carbohydrate (g)	240 ± 7	269 ± 11	<0.05
Protein (g)	77 ± 3	79 ± 2	0.58
Fat (g) (diet alone)	66 ± 2	39 ± 2	<0.01
Fat (diet + supplement)	68 ± 2	42 ± 2	<0.01
Fat total (% energy)	35.7 ± 0.8	22.4 ± 0.5	<0.01
Vitamin A (IU)	4796 ± 583	4137 ± 585	0.43
Vitamin E (mg)	10.0 ± 0.9	7.4 ± 0.5	<0.05
Vitamin D (IU)	204 ± 21	201 ± 19	0.92
Calcium (mg)	937 ± 61	850 ± 45	0.41
n-3 FAs (g) (diet alone)	1.06 ± 0.08	0.64 ± 0.05	<0.01
n-3 FAs (g) (diet + supplement)	2.26 ± 0.08	1.86 ± 0.07	<0.01
n-6 FAs (g)	7.0 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.4	<0.01
n-3:n-6 (diet alone)	0.15 ± 0.02	0.14 ± 0.02	0.37
n-3:n-6 (diet + supplement)	0.32 ± 0.02	0.40 ± 0.03	0.11

p-value, paired t-test between habitual diet and low-fat diet; ^athree participants had incomplete food records; ^bDiet alone, ^cFood record analyzed from dietary source without supplement. Diet + supplement, Food record analyzed from diet and DHA-EPA supplement

ISSN: 1476-511X