Fig. 7

Effect of butyrate with PGE2 and/or EP3 receptor antagonist (L798106) on lipolysis in cells co-cultured using the contact method for 24 h. Concentrations of FFAs (a) and free glycerol (b) in the co-culture medium were determining using an assay kit. As the control, the concentrations of FFAs and free glycerol were determined in the medium of untreated and non–co-cultured 3T3-L1 cells. Values from five independent experiments are expressed as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 versus co-culture, and ^# p < 0.05 versus co-culture with butyrate (0.5 mmol/L), as determined by ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer test; ^† p < 0.05 for co-culture with PGE2 (+) and L798106 (−) versus co-culture with PGE2 (+) and L798106 (+), as determined by paired t-test