Table 1 Comparison of baseline characteristics between the subjects with DPP-4 inhibitor and SGLT2 inhibitor

n

184

124

60

Women (n, %)

97 (52.7)

62 (50.0)

35 (58.3)

0.289

Age (years)

53.1 ± 6.9

53.4 ± 7.1

52.6 ± 6.5

0.474

Duration of diabetes (years)

6.0 (3.0–11.0)

5.0 (2.0–10.8)

7.0 (3.0–11.0)

0.586

Hypertension (n, %)

75 (41.0)

47 (37.9)

28 (46.7)

0.257

Smoking (n, %)

0.150

Current (n, %)

36 (22.6)

30 (25.9)

6 (12.5)

Ex-smoker (n, %)

18 (10.1)

13 (11.2)

5 (10.4)

Body weight (kg)

68.0 (62.0–77.0)

67.0 (62.0–75.0)

70.0 (62.0–80.8)

0.326

BMI (kg/m²)

26.0 ± 3.4

25.6 ± 3.6

26.6 ± 2.8

0.081

Diabetic retinopathy (n, %)

21 (16.0)

16 (18.0)

5 (14.0)

0.561

Diabetic nephropathy (n, %)

30 (20.1)

19 (16.8)

11 (29.7)

0.088

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)

164.0 (136.0–202.0)

165.0 (134.0–202.5)

162.0 (137.0–198.5)

0.756

Baseline HbA1c

(%(mmol/mol))

8.5 ± 1.3

(69.4 ± 13.7)

8.6 ± 1.3

(70.5 ± 14.3)

8.3 ± 1.1

(67.2 ± 12.4)

0.132

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)

105.5 (89.9–114.4)

106.1 (89.9–115.2)

100.9 (90.4–112.4)

0.901

AST (IU/L)

27.4 ± 19.7

27.2 ± 21.7

27.8 ± 15.2

0.836

ALT (IU/L)

37.7 ± 27.1

38.5 ± 28.9

36.0 ± 23.3

0.566

Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml)

2.3 ± 1.7

2.3 ± 1.7

2.0 ± 1.4

0.371

Fasting Insulin (μU/ml)

8.8 ± 6.4

8.5 ± 6.2

9.5 ± 6.8

0.497

HOMA-IR

3.6 ± 2.7

2.7(1.8–4.4)

3.0 ± 1.9

2.6(1.8–4.1)

4.4 ± 3.3

3.3(1.7–5.9)

0.179

HOMA β-Cell function

29.1(13.9–46.4)

28.0 (13.6–47.2)

32.0 (19.8–46.0)

0.642

Sulfonylureas

99 (53.8)

78 (62.9)

21 (35.0)

<0.001

Metformin

184 (100)

124 (100)

60 (100)

-

ACEi/ARB

74 (40.4)

50 (40.3)

24 (40.0)

0.967

Statins

115 (62.8)

80 (64.5)

35 (58.3)

0.417