From: Diet/lifestyle and risk of diabetes and glycemic traits: a Mendelian randomization study
Lifestyle | Lifestyle-Associated SNP | T2D [10] | HOMA-IR [11] | HOMA-B [11] | INS [11] | GLU [11] | Hba1c [12] | 2hGLU [13] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta ± SE | p | Beta ± SE | p | Beta ± SE | p | Beta ± SE | p | Beta ± SE | p | Beta ± SE | p | Beta ± SE | p | ||
Carbohydrate | rs10163409 | 0.020 ± 0.018 | 0.370 | 0.006 ± 0.005 | 0.201 | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.580 | 0.004 ± 0.005 | 0.327 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 0.309 | − 0.008 ± 0.004 | 0.041 | 0.015 ± 0.022 | 0.495 |
Carbohydrate | rs197273 | 0.000 ± 0.015 | 0.970 | −0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.606 | − 0.005 ± 0.003 | 0.159 | − 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.667 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.500 | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.609 | 0.021 ± 0.019 | 0.280 |
Carbohydrate | rs838145 | 0.020 ± 0.017 | 0.230 | −0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.716 | 0.003 ± 0.003 | 0.405 | −0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.879 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.720 | 0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.165 | −0.013 ± 0.020 | 0.498 |
Protein | rs1421085 | 0.104 ± 0.014 | 4.40 × 10–11 | 0.016 ± 0.004 | 9.55 × 10–5 | 0.008 ± 0.003 | 0.020 | −0.015 ± 0.004 | 7.48 × 10–5 | 0.007 ± 0.004 | 0.053 | 0.008 ± 0.004 | 0.028 | −0.001 ± 0.019 | 0.981 |
Protein | rs838133 | 0.010 ± 0.018 | 0.720 | 0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.626 | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.546 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.904 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.805 | −0.006 ± 0.004 | 0.153 | 0.013 ± 0.021 | 0.534 |
Fat | rs838145 | −0.020 ± 0.017 | 0.230 | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.716 | 0.003 ± 0.003 | 0.405 | 0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.879 | −0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.720 | −0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.165 | 0.013 ± 0.020 | 0.498 |
Sleep | rs1191685 | −0.010 ± 0.015 | 0.370 | 0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.655 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 0.270 | 0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.701 | −0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.225 | −0.006 ± 0.004 | 0.119 | 0.028 ± 0.021 | 0.184 |
Sleep | rs2394403 | 0.030 ± 0.015 | 0.094 | 0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.685 | 0.003 ± 0.005 | 0.464 | 0.001 ± 0.005 | 0.840 | −0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.676 | −0.003 ± 0.005 | 0.482 | 0.002 ± 0.026 | 0.943 |
Sleep | rs4248149 | 0.030 ± 0.015 | 0.076 | 0.002 ± 0.006 | 0.783 | 0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.655 | 0.000 ± 0.005 | 0.934 | −0.001 ± 0.005 | 0.821 | −0.002 ± 0.005 | 0.747 | −0.005 ± 0.027 | 0.849 |
Sleep | rs4587207 | 0.010 ± 0.015 | 0.670 | 0.001 ± 0.005 | 0.798 | 0.003 ± 0.005 | 0.456 | 0.000 ± 0.005 | 0.937 | −0.003 ± 0.005 | 0.552 | −0.003 ± 0.005 | 0.506 | −0.002 ± 0.026 | 0.940 |
smoking (number) | rs1051730 | −0.030 ± 0.017 | 0.035 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.459 | −0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.657 | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.663 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.430 | 0.004 ± 0.004 | 0.281 | 0.001 ± 0.020 | 0.951 |
smoking (number) | rs1329650 | 0.010 ± 0.013 | 0.290 | −0.008 ± 0.004 | 0.055 | −0.004 ± 0.004 | 0.300 | −0.006 ± 0.004 | 0.169 | −0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.192 | −0.005 ± 0.004 | 0.226 | 0.007 ± 0.020 | 0.742 |
smoking (number) | rs3733829 | 0.010 ± 0.015 | 0.410 | 0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.713 | −0.002 ± 0.004 | 0.595 | −0.001 ± 0.004 | 0.752 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.418 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.362 | −0.016 ± 0.020 | 0.444 |
Smoking initiation | rs6265 | 0.010 ± 0.015 | 0.500 | 0.005 ± 0.005 | 0.346 | 0.003 ± 0.004 | 0.494 | 0.004 ± 0.005 | 0.392 | 0.001 ± 0.005 | 0.793 | 0.009 ± 0.004 | 0.042 | −0.033 ± 0.024 | 0.166 |
Smoking cessation | rs3025343 | 0.068 ± 0.038 | 0.099 | 0.020 ± 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.008 ± 0.007 | 0.233 | 0.016 ± 0.008 | 0.032 | 0.016 ± 0.007 | 0.029 | 0.011 ± 0.007 | 0.093 | 0.038 ± 0.039 | 0.330 |