Concurrent exercise improves insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by upregulating PPAR-γ and genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids in ApoE-KO mice fed a high-fat diet

Table 2 Biochemical indicators of three groups after 12 weeks

Groups	TC	TG	HDL	LDL	FFA	FIN	FPG	IRI
Groups	(mmol/l)	(mmol/l)	(mmol/l)	(mmol/l)	(mmol/l)	(mIU/ml)	(mmol/l)
ND (n = 10)	4.78 ± 0.18	0.57 ± 0.11	2.13 ± 0.21	0.94 ± 0.23	1.00 ± 0.28	4.43 ± 1.30	5.58 ± 0.84	1.11 ± 0.17
HFD (n = 10)	20.82 ± 0.75*	1.12 ± 0.49^*	1.52 ± 0.12	8.31 ± 0.44^**	1.47 ± 0.27^*	10.99 ± 0.82^**	9.03 ± 1.17^**	4.43 ± 0.43^**
HFDE (n = 10)	12.95 ± 0.53#	0.67 ± 0.19^#	2.11 ± 0.38	4.74 ± 0.35^##	1.03 ± 0.20^#	7.28 ± 0.75^#	6.37 ± 0.71^#	2.08 ± 0.47^##

TC total serum cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFA free fatty acid, FIN fasting serum insulin level, FPG fasting plasma glucose, IRI insulin resistance index. All the values are presented as Means ± SD. ^*p < 0.05, ^** p < 0.01, compared with ND group; ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01, compared with HFD group

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