Table 1 Characteristics of the included trials
Study and design | Sample | Age (years) | Type of exercise | Exercise program characteristics | Reduced Fetuin-A | EPHPP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lee et al. 2017 [30] Single-group pre-post design | 26 men (13 dysglycemic and overweight) without CVD | 51.1 | Concurrent | Total duration: 12 weeks Frequency a week: 4 sessions Duration per session: 60-min Aerobic; Intensity: NR Resistance; Intensity: NR | Yes | 2 |
Malin et al. 2013 [28] Single-group pre-post design | 13 obese men and women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without CVD | 50.5 | Aerobic | Total duration: 1 week Frequency a week: 5 sessions Duration per session: 60-min Intensity: 85% HRmax | Yes | 2 |
Malin et al. 2014[27] Single-group pre-post design | 20 older obese men and women without CVD | 66.3 | Aerobic | Total duration: 12 weeks Frequency a week: 7 sessions Duration per session: 60-min Intensity: 85% HRmax | Yes | 2 |
Mori et al. 2008[5] Single-group pre-post design | 8 men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus | 62.0 | Aerobic | Total duration: 12 weeks Frequency a week: 3–5 sessions Duration per session: 40-min Intensity: 103 bpm | No | 2 |
Schultes et al. 2010[39] Single-group pre-post design | 14 obese women and without CVD | 43.2 | Aerobic | Total duration: 6 weeks Frequency a week: 3 sessions Duration per session: 60-min Intensity: 60% VO2peak | No | 3 |
Wilund et al. 2010[40] RCT | 17 hemodialysis men and women | 59.9 | Aerobic | Total duration: 16 weeks Frequency a week: 3 sessions Duration per session: 45-min Intensity: rate of perceived exertion of 12–14 | No | 4 |
Winn et al. 2017 [21] Randomized trial without a control group | 18 obese men and women without CVD | 51.4 | Aerobic | Total duration: 4 weeks Frequency a week: 4 sessions Duration per session: NR Intensity: 55% VO2peak or 80% VO2peak | No | 5 |
Yang et al. 2011[29] Single-group pre-post design | 40 obese women without CVD | 45.3 | Concurrent | Total duration: 12 weeks Frequency a week: 5 sessions Duration per session: 65-min Aerobic; Intensity: 60–75% HRmax Resistance; Intensity: NR | No | 2 |
Zhang et al. 2017 [41] RCT | 32 men and women with type 2 diabetes mellitus | 47.2 | Aerobic | Total duration: 12 weeks Frequency a week: 5 sessions Duration per session: 70-min Aerobic; Intensity: 70% HRmax | Yes | 4 |