Table 1 Baseline characteristic of the study groups

cases

90 (100%)

18 (20%)

58 (64%)

14 (16%)

NA

sex [F/M]

37/53

8/10

23/35

6/8

0.92**

age [years]

68 ± 10

65 ± 12

68 ± 11

66 ± 10

0.50*

hypertension

73 (81%)

17 (94%)

45 (78%)

11 (79%)

0.19**

obesity

27 (30%)

7 (39%)

15 (26%)

5 (36%)

0.50**

BMI [kg/m²]

28 ± 5

29 ± 7

27 ± 4

29 ± 5

0.27*

elevated WHR (≥ 1 for males, ≥ 0.85 for females)

45 (50%)

11 (61%)

26 (45%)

8 (57%)

0.58**

smoking cigarettes

40 (44%)

11 (61%)

23 (40%)

6 (42%)

0.28**

statin therapy

48 (53%)

11 (61%)

27 (47%)

10 (71%)

0.18**

G3a stage CKD

28 (31%)

4 (22%)

20 (35%)

4 (29%)

0.59**

G3b stage CKD

42 (47%)

7 (39%)

29 (50%)

6 (42%)

0.68**

G4 stage CKD

20 (22%)

7 (39%)

9 (15%)

4 (29%)

0.11**

creatinine [mg/dl]

1.6 (1.2–2.6)

1.7 (1.0–2.8)

1.6 (1.1–2.2)

1.6 (1.3–2.9)

0.24***

eGFR CKD-EPI [ml/min/1. 73m²]

39 ± 12

37 ± 13

41 ± 12

36 ± 13

0.34*

total protein [g/l]

64.1 ± 4.1

64.5 ± 4.3

63.7 ± 4.0

64.3 ± 4.5

0.49*

albumin [g/l]

42.9 ± 3.1

42.6 ± 3.3

43.0 ± 3.1

42.9 ± 2.7

0.90*

glucose [mg/dl]

95.0 (82.8–109.8)

95.3 (85.7–107)

94.4 (81.7–108.7)

96.7 (83–121)

0.86***