Intake of arachidonic acid-containing lipids in adult humans: dietary surveys and clinical trials

Kawashima, Hiroshi

doi:10.1186/s12944-019-1039-y

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 5 Increase of ARA composition in blood by ARA supplementation to adult humans

From: Intake of arachidonic acid-containing lipids in adult humans: dietary surveys and clinical trials

Participant			Supplementation					Sample^c	LCPUFA composition in blood (%)^d						Ref.
Sex^a	Age (y)^b	n	Oil	Dose (mg/day)			Period		ARA			DHA
Sex^a	Age (y)^b	n	Oil	ARA	EPA	DHA	Period		Pre	Post	Change	Pre	Post	Change
F	18–23	23	ARA oil	82.8	0.2	0	3 weeks	Plasma PL	7.4 ± 0.8	nd^e	0.7 ± 0.8^*	5.6 ± 0.8	nd	− 0.5 ± 0.7	[69]
		23	Placebo	0	0	0		Plasma PL	7.6 ± 1.1	nd	−0.4 ± 1.0	5.6 ± 1.0	nd	−0.5 ± 0.8
		23	ARA oil	82.8	0.2	0		RBC	10.2 ± 0.8	nd	1.1 ± 0.4^*	6.4 ± 0.5	nd	0.1 ± 0.4
		23	Placebo	0	0	0		RBC	10.5 ± 0.8	nd	0.5 ± 0.3	6.5 ± 0.6	nd	0.0 ± 0.3
M	55–64	51	ARA oil + fish oil	120	100	300	4 weeks	Plasma PL	8.6 ± 0.2	9.3 ± 0.2^#	0.7 ± 0.1^*	7.0 ± 0.2	7.8 ± 0.2^#	0.8 ± 0.2^*	[16]
M	55–64	49	Placebo	0	0	0	4 weeks	Plasma PL	8.9 ± 0.2	9.1 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	6.9 ± 0.2	7.2 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.1	[16]
M&F	65 ± 3	13	ARA oil + fish oil	240	0	240	3 months	RBC	8.8 ± 1.5	12.5 ± 1.4^#	nd	6.0 ± 1.7	10.4 ± 1.3^#	nd	[17]
M&F	65 ± 3	15	Placebo	0	0	0	3 months	RBC	10.0 ± 1.1	10.4 ± 1.2	nd	7.6 ± 2.2	8.5 ± 1.1	nd	[17]
M&F	56–70	8	ARA oil	700	0	0	12 weeks	Plasma PL	9.3 ± 0.4^f,*#	17.2 ± 0.5^f,*#	nd	3.7 ± 0.3^f	3.7 ± 0.4^f	nd	[70]
M&F	56–69	8	Placebo	0	0	0	12 weeks	Plasma PL	8.6 ± 0.3^f	9.0 ± 0.9^f	nd	3.4 ± 0.4^f	3.3 ± 0.4^f	nd	[70]
M	55–70	22	ARA oil	720	0	0	4 weeks	Plasma PL	8.8 ± 1.3	14.3 ± 2.1^#	nd	nd	nd	nd	[71]
		22	ARA oil	240	0	0			8.6 ± 0.9	11.2 ± 1.5^#	nd	nd	nd	nd
		20	Placebo	0	0	0			nd	nd	nd	nd	nd	nd
M	26–60	12	ARA oil	838	0	0	4 weeks	Plasma PL	9.6 ± 0.4	13.9 ± 0.4^*#	nd	7.7 ± 0.3	7.4 ± 0.3	nd	[72]
M	26–60	12	Placebo	0	0	0			9.5 ± 0.4	9.3 ± 0.4	nd	8.6 ± 0.4	8.4 ± 0.4	nd
M	20–39	10	ARA oil	1500	0	0	50 days	Plasma PL	nd	19.0^g,*	nd	nd	nd	nd	[73]
M	20–39	10	Placebo	0	0	0	50 days	Plasma PL	nd	10.3^g	nd	nd	nd	nd	[73]
M&F	67 ± 2.4	15	ARA oil	2000	0	0	8 weeks	Plasma PL	8.5 ± 0.6	13.1 ± 1.0^#	nd	nd	nd	nd	[19]
	62 ± 2.3	15	Placebo	0	0	0		Plasma PL	8.4 ± 0.6	8.0 ± 0.4	nd	nd	nd	nd
	67 ± 2.4	15	ARA oil	2000	0	0		RBC	13.8 ± 1.1	14.8 ± 0.9^#	nd	nd	nd	nd
	62 ± 2.3	15	Placebo	0	0	0		RBC	10.3 ± 0.8	12.2 ± 0.9	nd	nd	nd	nd
M	19–39	8	ARA oil + algal oil	3600	0	2900	14 days	Plasma PL	nd	24.7 ± 1.5^{f,††††}	nd	nd	6.1 ± 0.3^{f,††††}	nd	[74]
	19–39	8	ARA oil + algal oil	2200	0	1700			nd	19.9 ± 1.5^f,†††	nd	nd	5.3 ± 0.5^f,†††	nd
	19–39	8	ARA oil + algal oil	800	0	600			nd	15.0 ± 1.6^f,††	nd	nd	3.4 ± 0.4^f,††	nd
	19–39	8	Placebo	0	0	0			nd	12.7 ± 2.0^f,†	nd	nd	2.2 ± 0.4^f,†	nd

^*significant difference at p < 0.05 vs. the placebo group
^#significant difference at p < 0.05 vs. the pre-value
^{†,††,†††,††††}Values with different number of daggers are significantly different at p < 0.05
^aM male, F female
^bMean ± SD or range
^cPL phospholipids, RBC red blood cells
^dData are the mean ± SD without annotation
^end not described
^fMean ± SE
^gMean

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