Fig. 3From: Metformin regulates lipid metabolism in a canine model of atrial fibrillation through AMPK/PPAR-α/VLCAD pathwayAlterations in the mRNA expression levels of key metabolic factors. Four lipid oxidation gene expression were examined by the RT-qPCR. a-c shown, PPAR-α, carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-1 and VLCAD were down-regulated in ARP group, but metformin attenuate those alterations. d shown, transcription level of ACC was decreased in ARP group and significantly decreased in MET+ARP groupBack to article page