Table 2 Effects of Palmitoleic acid in vivo and in vitro clinical trials
From: The impact of sea buckthorn oil fatty acids on human health
Disorder | Study | Suggested mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Vaginal inflammatory atrophy | Human in vivo study | The mechanism is unknown but it reflects a positive increasing trend of the vaginal health index without an increase of circulating estrogen level | Erkkola & Yang (2003) [11] Limo (2004) |
Skin hyperpigmentation | In vitro study | Decrease hyperpigmentation though the Inhibition of tyrosinase, TRP-2 and MITF | Yoon (2010) [12] |
Wounds infections | In vitro study | Take part in the growth of C.albicans decreasing its ability of adhesion in the skin and prevent the attachment of pathogenic yeast cells. | Wille & Kydonieus (2002) |
Bacterial infection | In vitro study | PA calcium salt has a bactericidal effect against S. aureus and P. acnes. | Yamamoto (2015) [7] |
Hypercholesterolemia | Mice in vivo study | A possible mechanisms may be related to the increase of LCAT | Budijanto (1992) [14] |
Diabetes and liver dysfunctions | Mice in vivo study | It stimulate the uptake glucose and impaired the lipogenesis in liver by activation of AMPk and FGF-21, depending on PPAR-α | Souza (2016) Yang & Zhi-Hong (2010) |