Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects included in study
Categorical variable | Total | Level 1b | Level 2b | Level 3b | Level 4b | Level 5b | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (ratio) | |||||||||||
All | 8322 | 2233 | (0.27) | 5166 | (0.62) | 754 | (0.09) | 139 | (0.02) | 30 | (0.00) |
APO_Ba, mg/dL | |||||||||||
95 | 5085 (61.10) | 1692 | (75.77) | 2954 | (57.18) | 361 | (47.88) | 62 | (44.60) | 16 | (53.33) |
95 & < 120 | 2150 (25.84) | 394 | (17.65) | 1483 | (28.71) | 227 | (30.12) | 41 | (29.50) | 5 | (16.67) |
> 120 | 1087 (13.06) | 147 | (6.58) | 729 | (14.11) | 166 | (22.00) | 36 | (25.90) | 9 | (30.00) |
Age Groups, years | |||||||||||
18–40 | 2298 (27.61) | 1318 | (59.03) | 970 | (18.78) | 8 | (1.06) | 2 | (1.44) | 0 | (0.00) |
40–65 | 4682 (56.26) | 883 | (39.54) | 3456 | (66.90) | 305 | (40.45) | 30 | (21.58) | 8 | (26.67) |
> 65 | 1342 (16.13) | 32 | (1.43) | 740 | (14.32) | 441 | (58.49) | 107 | (76.98) | 22 | (73.33) |
Gender | |||||||||||
Female | 4444 (53.40) | 1001 | (44.83) | 2878 | (55.71) | 456 | (60.48) | 90 | (64.75) | 19 | (63.33) |
Male | 3878 (45.60) | 1232 | (55.17) | 2288 | (44.29) | 298 | (39.52) | 49 | (35.25) | 11 | (36.67) |
Education, years | |||||||||||
< =6 | 2187 (26.27) | 482 | (21.59) | 1409 | (27.27) | 250 | (33.16) | 35 | (25.18) | 11 | (36.67) |
> 6 & < =12 | 4139 (49.74) | 1115 | (49.93) | 2540 | (49.17) | 381 | (50.53) | 89 | (64.03) | 14 | (46.67) |
> 12 & < =16 | 1581 (18.90) | 495 | (22.17) | 972 | (18.82) | 100 | (13.26) | 10 | (7.19) | 4 | (13.33) |
> 16 | 415 (4.99) | 141 | (6.31) | 245 | (4.74) | 23 | (3.05) | 5 | (3.60) | 1 | (3.33) |
Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | |||||||||||
< =25 | 5906 (70.97) | 1675 | (75.01) | 3584 | (69.48) | 530 | (70.29) | 94 | (67.63) | 23 | (97.67) |
> 25 | 2416 (29.03) | 558 | (24.99) | 1582 | (30.62) | 224 | (29.71) | 45 | (32.37) | 7 | (2.33) |
Region | |||||||||||
Rural | 5590 (67.17) | 1564 | (70.01) | 3451 | (66.80) | 471 | (62.47) | 84 | (60.43) | 20 | (67.67) |
Urban | 2732 (32.83) | 669 | (29.99) | 1715 | (33.20) | 283 | (37.53) | 55 | (39.57) | 10 | (33.33) |
Hyperuricemia | |||||||||||
No | 7042 (84.60) | 2031 | (90.95) | 4408 | (85.33) | 529 | (70.16) | 62 | (44.60) | 12 | (40.00) |
Yes | 1280 (15.40) | 202 | (9.05) | 758 | (14.67) | 225 | (29.84) | 77 | (55.40) | 18 | (60.00) |
Diabetes | |||||||||||
No | 7528 (90.46) | 2162 | (96.82) | 4679 | (90.57) | 577 | (76.53) | 89 | (64.03) | 21 | (70.00) |
Yes | 794 (9.54) | 71 | (3.18) | 487 | (9.43) | 177 | (23.47) | 50 | (35.97) | 9 | (30.00) |
Hypertension | |||||||||||
No | 7249 (87.11) | 1948 | (87.24) | 4484 | (86.80) | 669 | (88.73) | 119 | (85.61) | 29 | (96.67) |
Yes | 1073 (12.89) | 285 | (12.76) | 682 | (13.20) | 85 | (11.27) | 20 | (14.39) | 1 | (3.33) |
Anemia | |||||||||||
Yes | 508 (13.67) | 126 | (5.64) | 272 | (5.27) | 78 | (10.34) | 14 | (6.72) | 18 | (60.00) |
No | 7814 (86.33) | 2107 | (94.36) | 4894 | (94.73) | 676 | (89.66) | 125 | (93.28) | 12 | (40.00) |
Smoking | |||||||||||
No | 5761 (69.23) | 1474 | (66.01) | 3603 | (52.50) | 548 | (72.68) | 111 | (79.86) | 25 | (83.33) |
Yes | 2561 (30.77) | 759 | (33.99) | 1563 | (47.50) | 206 | (27.32) | 28 | (20.14) | 5 | (16.67) |
Alcohol Drinking | |||||||||||
No | 5621 (67.54) | 1363 | (61.04) | 3520 | (68.14) | 586 | (77.72) | 122 | (87.77) | 30 | (1.00) |
Yes | 2701 (32.46) | 870 | (38.96) | 1646 | (31.86) | 168 | (22.28) | 17 | (12.23) | 0 | (0.00) |
Tea Drinking | |||||||||||
No | 5399 (64.88) | 1555 | (69.64) | 3291 | (63.70) | 449 | (59.55) | 85 | (61.15) | 19 | (63.33) |
Yes | 2923 (35.12) | 678 | (30.36) | 1875 | (36.30) | 305 | (40.45) | 54 | (38.85) | 11 | (36.67) |
Sleeping Duration, hours/ day | |||||||||||
< =7 | 2494 (29.97) | 519 | (23.24) | 1660 | (32.13) | 263 | (34.88) | 45 | (32.37) | 7 | (23.33) |
> 7 & < =9 | 4910 (59.00) | 1436 | (64.31) | 3026 | (58.58) | 368 | (48.81) | 64 | (46.04) | 16 | (53.33) |
> 9 | 918 (11.03) | 278 | (12.45) | 480 | (9.29) | 123 | (16.31) | 30 | (21.58) | 7 | (23.33) |
Albumin, g/dL | |||||||||||
< =35 | 44 (0.53) | 12 | (0.54) | 17 | (0.33) | 9 | (1.19) | 4 | (2.88) | 2 | (6.67) |
> 35 & < =51 | 7948 (95.51) | 2068 | (92.61) | 4991 | (96.61) | 731 | (96.95) | 131 | (94.24) | 27 | (90.00) |
> 51 | 330 (3.97) | 153 | (6.85) | 158 | (3.06) | 14 | (1.86) | 4 | (2.88) | 1 | (3.33) |
Triglycerides | |||||||||||
Ideal | 5700 (68.49) | 1608 | (72.01) | 3496 | (67.67) | 488 | (64.72) | 84 | (60.43) | 24 | (80.00) |
Borderline high | 939 (11.28) | 207 | (9.27) | 606 | (11.73) | 97 | (12.86) | 28 | (20.14) | 1 | (3.33) |
High | 1495 (17.96) | 350 | (15.67) | 954 | (18.47) | 161 | (21.35) | 25 | (17.99) | 5 | (16.67) |
Very high | 188 (2.26) | 68 | (3.05) | 110 | (2.13) | 8 | (1.06) | 2 | (1.44) | 0 | (0.00) |
Total Cholesterol | |||||||||||
Desirable | 5564 (66.86) | 1766 | (79.09) | 3305 | (63.98) | 399 | (52.92) | 76 | (54.68) | 18 | (60.00) |
Borderline high | 1976 (23.74) | 337 | (15.09) | 1378 | (26.67) | 223 | (29.58) | 30 | (21.58) | 8 | (26.67) |
High | 782 (9.40) | 130 | (5.82) | 483 | (9.35) | 132 | (17.51) | 33 | (23.74) | 4 | (13.33) |
HDLa | |||||||||||
Low | 2095 (25.17) | 534 | (23.91) | 1317 | (25.49) | 198 | (26.26) | 36 | (25.90) | 10 | (33.33) |
Normal | 3533 (42.45) | 992 | (44.42) | 2195 | (42.49) | 297 | (39.39) | 55 | (39.57) | 12 | (40.00) |
High | 2694 (32.37) | 707 | (31.66) | 1654 | (32.02) | 277 | (36.74) | 48 | (34.53) | 8 | (26.67) |
LDLa | |||||||||||
Optimal | 2992 (35.95) | 1132 | (50.69) | 1642 | (31.78) | 181 | (24.01) | 28 | (20.14) | 9 | (30.00) |
Near optimal | 2752 (33.07) | 685 | (30.68) | 1771 | (34.28) | 239 | (31.70) | 50 | (35.97) | 7 | (23.34) |
Borderline high | 1699 (20.42) | 300 | (13.43) | 1170 | (22.65) | 189 | (25.07) | 30 | (21.58) | 10 | (33.33) |
High | 624 (7.50) | 79 | (3.54) | 425 | (8.23) | 101 | (13.40) | 18 | (12.95) | 1 | (3.33) |
Very high | 255 (3.06) | 37 | (0.15) | 158 | (3.06) | 44 | (5.84) | 13 | (9.35) | 3 | (10.00) |
Urea Nitrogen, mg/dL | |||||||||||
< =7.1 | 7019 (84.34) | 2032 | (91.00) | 4370 | (84.59) | 554 | (73.47) | 60 | (43.17) | 3 | (10.00) |
> 7.1 | 1303 (15.66) | 201 | (9.00) | 796 | (15.41) | 200 | (26.53) | 79 | (56.83) | 27 | (90.00) |
Continuous variable | Mean (SD) | ||||||||||
Screen Time, hours/day | 2.19 (1.66) | 2 | (1.69) | 2 | (1.65) | 2 | (1.60) | 2 | (1.46) | 2 | (1.89) |
Water Drinking, cups/day | 3.45 (1.82) | 3 | (1.81) | 3 | (1.89) | 3 | (1.41) | 4 | (1.73) | 3 | (1.08) |
Fat Intake, g/day | 74.97 (41.19) | 74 | (44.28) | 76 | (40.96) | 72 | (34.13) | 69 | (32.02) | 73 | (37.08) |
Protein Intake, g/day | 66.00 (22.96) | 69 | (24.04) | 66 | (22.58) | 60 | (20.97) | 54 | (17.64) | 54 | (21.99) |
Caloric Intake, kcal/day | 885.37 (306.41) | 941 | (318.17) | 881 | (298.28) | 789 | (293.42) | 719 | (264.65) | 731 | (292.00) |