Orotic acid-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist steatosis by modification of fatty acid metabolism

Matilainen, Johanna; Mustonen, Anne-Mari; Rilla, Kirsi; Käkelä, Reijo; Sihvo, Sanna P.; Nieminen, Petteri

doi:10.1186/s12944-020-01243-5

Lipids in Health and Disease

Table 3 Fatty acyl and alkenyl chain profiles (mol-%) in raw medium and growth media of HepG2 cells

From: Orotic acid-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist steatosis by modification of fatty acid metabolism

	Raw medium	Control medium	OA medium	LPS medium	OA–LPS medium	p
14:0	2.815 ± 0.290	2.979 ± 0.118	2.913 ± 0.198	2.830 ± 0.110	2.734 ± 0.109	0.539
14:1n-5	0.266 ± 0.052^A	1.048 ± 0.162^B	1.499 ± 0.387^B	1.001 ± 0.138^B	0.937 ± 0.118^B	0.002
15:0	1.139 ± 0.200	0.876 ± 0.059	0.992 ± 0.102	0.805 ± 0.044	0.866 ± 0.041	0.417
DMA 16:0	0.228 ± 0.023	0.314 ± 0.080	0.508 ± 0.142	0.291 ± 0.022	0.227 ± 0.036	0.131
16:0	29.947 ± 0.775	28.759 ± 0.505	27.390 ± 0.640	28.773 ± 0.494	28.086 ± 0.373	0.147
16:1n-9	0.559 ± 0.048^A	2.002 ± 0.105^B	1.924 ± 0.059^B	1.935 ± 0.081^B	1.841 ± 0.089^B	0.002
16:1n-7	1.803 ± 0.211^A	5.009 ± 0.192^B	4.854 ± 0.357^B	4.828 ± 0.107^B	4.492 ± 0.218^B	0.001
16:1n-5	0.665 ± 0.188	0.611 ± 0.040	0.754 ± 0.104	0.638 ± 0.041	0.567 ± 0.048	0.629
17:0i	1.039 ± 0.133^B	0.316 ± 0.047^A	0.529 ± 0.108^A	0.329 ± 0.044^A	0.334 ± 0.045^A	0.002
17:0ai	0.512 ± 0.060^A	0.649 ± 0.049^AB	0.804 ± 0.066^B	0.657 ± 0.062^B	0.639 ± 0.042^B	0.032
17:0	0.453 ± 0.113^A	1.120 ± 0.155^B	1.046 ± 0.171^B	0.961 ± 0.133^B	0.865 ± 0.059^B	0.027
17:1n-8	0.271 ± 0.087^A	0.892 ± 0.043^B	0.985 ± 0.069^B	0.920 ± 0.050^B	0.952 ± 0.056^B	0.003
DMA 18:0	0.537 ± 0.103^B	0.295 ± 0.032^A	0.321 ± 0.068^A	0.262 ± 0.032^A	0.244 ± 0.020^A	0.031
DMA 18:1n-9	0.291 ± 0.045^B	0.128 ± 0.017^A	0.184 ± 0.040^AB	0.118 ± 0.020^A	0.112 ± 0.012^A	0.009
DMA 18:1n-7	0.096 ± 0.019	0.085 ± 0.016	0.114 ± 0.021	0.066 ± 0.007	0.083 ± 0.009	0.428
18:0	19.532 ± 0.451^B	11.025 ± 0.555^A	11.063 ± 0.691^A	11.645 ± 0.378^A	12.520 ± 0.689^A	0.001
18:1n-9	24.307 ± 0.871^B	17.579 ± 0.768^A	17.647 ± 0.628^A	18.088 ± 0.577^A	18.160 ± 0.554^A	0.004
18:1n-7	4.110 ± 0.210^A	7.426 ± 0.414^B	6.466 ± 0.262^B	7.181 ± 0.283^B	6.865 ± 0.437^B	0.001
18:1n-5	1.376 ± 0.159^B	0.643 ± 0.043^A	0.647 ± 0.063^A	0.561 ± 0.026^A	0.623 ± 0.032^A	0.002
18:2n-7	0.447 ± 0.042	0.540 ± 0.062	0.537 ± 0.062	0.511 ± 0.021	0.426 ± 0.060	0.604
18:2n-6	1.992 ± 0.129	2.600 ± 0.232	2.882 ± 0.229	2.617 ± 0.173	2.461 ± 0.324	0.167
18:3n-6	0.717 ± 0.136	0.387 ± 0.088	0.540 ± 0.101	0.370 ± 0.077	0.330 ± 0.052	0.098
19:1n-8	0.176 ± 0.034	0.117 ± 0.015	0.111 ± 0.015	0.096 ± 0.010	0.092 ± 0.012	0.105
18:3n-3	0.427 ± 0.063	0.345 ± 0.032	0.399 ± 0.059	0.304 ± 0.017	0.292 ± 0.026	0.284
18:2c9t11	0.138 ± 0.018	0.203 ± 0.032	0.242 ± 0.055	0.216 ± 0.059	0.237 ± 0.052	0.773
20:0	0.193 ± 0.042^A	0.448 ± 0.032^B	0.458 ± 0.045^B	0.440 ± 0.042^B	0.436 ± 0.027^B	0.009
20:1n-11	0.106 ± 0.026	0.224 ± 0.056	0.301 ± 0.050	0.257 ± 0.055	0.214 ± 0.051	0.214
20:1n-9	0.301 ± 0.049	0.483 ± 0.059	0.503 ± 0.113	0.441 ± 0.024	0.422 ± 0.021	0.093
20:1n-7	0.187 ± 0.036	0.318 ± 0.043	0.319 ± 0.051	0.301 ± 0.038	0.301 ± 0.032	0.293
20:2n-9	0.173 ± 0.032	0.222 ± 0.036	0.287 ± 0.080	0.185 ± 0.016	0.147 ± 0.020	0.465
20:2n-6	0.369 ± 0.052^A	0.657 ± 0.089^B	0.619 ± 0.052^B	0.674 ± 0.057^B	0.630 ± 0.027^B	0.029
20:3n-9	0.208 ± 0.052	0.156 ± 0.020	0.201 ± 0.027	0.188 ± 0.024	0.190 ± 0.027	0.758
20:3n-6	0.539 ± 0.045^A	1.339 ± 0.041^B	1.459 ± 0.054^B	1.276 ± 0.055^B	1.450 ± 0.047^B	< 0.001
20:4n-6	0.999 ± 0.092^A	2.912 ± 0.124^BC	3.027 ± 0.156^BC	2.920 ± 0.092^B	3.290 ± 0.085^C	< 0.001
20:4n-3	0.960 ± 0.117^B	0.246 ± 0.035^A	0.237 ± 0.020^A	0.212 ± 0.014^A	0.210 ± 0.018^A	0.002
20:5n-3	0.299 ± 0.059^A	0.526 ± 0.059^B	0.598 ± 0.055^B	0.532 ± 0.031^B	0.547 ± 0.046^B	0.043
22:0	0.580 ± 0.094	0.599 ± 0.063	0.554 ± 0.036	0.534 ± 0.045	0.585 ± 0.063	0.908
22:1n-11	0.144 ± 0.017	0.312 ± 0.044	0.272 ± 0.036	0.256 ± 0.037	0.337 ± 0.114	0.111
22:1n-9	0.028 ± 0.008	0.064 ± 0.010	0.055 ± 0.008	0.054 ± 0.006	0.049 ± 0.007	0.095
22:1n-7	0.106 ± 0.012	0.173 ± 0.043	0.139 ± 0.028	0.134 ± 0.014	0.120 ± 0.013	0.681
22:4n-6	0.074 ± 0.011	0.183 ± 0.057	0.233 ± 0.058	0.268 ± 0.117	0.196 ± 0.047	0.052
22:5n-3	0.169 ± 0.034^A	1.387 ± 0.056^B	1.542 ± 0.064^BC	1.497 ± 0.091^BC	1.686 ± 0.083^C	< 0.001
24:0	0.237 ± 0.048^A	0.764 ± 0.260^B	0.600 ± 0.047^B	0.537 ± 0.051^B	0.575 ± 0.066^B	0.012
22:6n-3	0.387 ± 0.054^A	2.000 ± 0.157^B	2.032 ± 0.097^B	2.079 ± 0.131^B	2.326 ± 0.085^B	0.001
24:1n-9	0.097 ± 0.014^A	1.040 ± 0.205^B	1.215 ± 0.136^B	1.214 ± 0.141^B	1.305 ± 0.131^B	0.001
SFA	56.448 ± 0.435^B	47.535 ± 1.294^A	46.349 ± 1.032^A	47.510 ± 0.826^A	47.640 ± 0.852^A	0.005
MUFA	34.504 ± 0.541	37.941 ± 1.321	37.690 ± 0.966	37.905 ± 0.857	37.278 ± 1.123	0.176
PUFA	7.898 ± 0.368^A	13.704 ± 0.344^B	14.835 ± 0.372^B	13.848 ± 0.352^B	14.416 ± 0.583^B	< 0.001
n-6 PUFA	4.690 ± 0.153^A	8.079 ± 0.309^B	8.760 ± 0.396^B	8.124 ± 0.303^B	8.356 ± 0.434^B	0.001
n-3 PUFA	2.242 ± 0.220^A	4.504 ± 0.199^B	4.807 ± 0.147^B	4.624 ± 0.248^B	5.060 ± 0.200^B	0.001
n-9 PUFA	0.381 ± 0.082	0.378 ± 0.046	0.488 ± 0.104	0.373 ± 0.023	0.337 ± 0.044	0.713
DMA	1.151 ± 0.173^B	0.821 ± 0.112^B	1.127 ± 0.255^B	0.737 ± 0.062^AB	0.666 ± 0.047^A	0.041
UFA/SFA	0.752 ± 0.015^A	1.100 ± 0.051^B	1.144 ± 0.046^B	1.096 ± 0.036^B	1.093 ± 0.039^B	0.005
n-3/n-6 PUFA	0.480 ± 0.049	0.567 ± 0.038	0.563 ± 0.033	0.580 ± 0.039	0.624 ± 0.037	0.324
Prod/prec n-6	0.502 ± 0.030^A	1.198 ± 0.095^B	1.090 ± 0.060^B	1.160 ± 0.068^B	1.907 ± 0.461^B	0.001
Prod/prec n-3	1.736 ± 0.188^A	7.878 ± 0.708^B	7.811 ± 0.840^B	8.778 ± 0.566^BC	10.334 ± 0.597^C	< 0.001

Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Individual components are listed in the order of ascending chromatographic retention time. Alkenyl chain is detected as DMA. OA Orotic acid, LPS Lipopolysaccharide, DMA Plasmalogen alkenyl chain-derived dimethyl acetal derivative, i = iso, ai = anteiso, c = cis, t = trans, SFA Saturated fatty acid, MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid, PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid, UFA = MUFA + PUFA, prod = product, prec = precursor, means with different superscript letters are significantly different from each other (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA). Fatty acids with significant differences between treatments and raw medium are shown in bold

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