Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of the Chinese Study Participants
Characteristic | Development Group | Validation Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | P-value | Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | P-value | |
No. of participants | 45,969 | 8904 | 19,742 | 3689 | ||
Age | 43.7 ± 15.6 | 49.4 ± 13.5 | < 0.001 | 43.6 ± 15.6 | 49.7 ± 13.8 | < 0.001 |
GGT (U/L) | 19.0 (15.0,27.0) | 33.0 (24.0,51.0) | < 0.001 | 19.0 (15.0,27.0) | 33.0 (24.0,51.0) | < 0.001 |
ALT (U/L) | 15.0 (12.0,21.0) | 24.0 (18.0,34.0) | < 0.001 | 15.0 (12.0,21.0) | 24.0 (17.0,34.0) | < 0.001 |
AST (U/L) | 20.0 (18.0,24.0) | 24.0 (20.0,28.0) | < 0.001 | 20.0 (18.0,24.0) | 23.0 (20.0,28.0) | < 0.001 |
TP (U/L) | 73.6 ± 4.4 | 74.3 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 | 73.5 ± 4.4 | 74.3 ± 4.4 | < 0.001 |
ALB (U/L) | 44.5 ± 2.8 | 45.0 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 | 44.5 ± 2.8 | 45.0 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 |
GLB (U/L) | 29.0 ± 4.0 | 29.3 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 | 29.0 ± 3.9 | 29.4 ± 4.1 | < 0.001 |
TB (mmol/L) | 12.5 ± 5.0 | 12.6 ± 4.9 | 0.012 | 12.5 ± 5.2 | 12.6 ± 4.9 | 0.004 |
DBIL (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.3,2.4) | 1.8 (1.4,2.5) | < 0.001 | 1.8 (1.3,2.4) | 1.9 (1.4,2.5) | < 0.001 |
BUN (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 | 4.4 ± 1.4 | 4.7 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
Cr (μmol/L) | 81.2 ± 24.2 | 86.9 ± 18.5 | < 0.001 | 81.3 ± 25.5 | 88.1 ± 23.9 | < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 88.2 ± 23.1 | 88.0 ± 22.9 | < 0.001 | 88.1 ± 23.0 | 87.9 ± 23.1 | < 0.001 |
UA (μmol/L) | 278.5 ± 85.7 | 345.7 ± 86.8 | < 0.001 | 279.1 ± 85.6 | 347.6 ± 89.0 | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | 4.5 ± 0.7 | 4.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.0 (0.8,1.4) | 1.8 (1.3,2.6) | < 0.001 | 1.0 (0.8,1.4) | 1.8 (1.4,2.6) | < 0.001 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.3 ± 2.1 | 23.4 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | 21.3 ± 2.0 | 23.4 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 |
AIP | −0.1 (− 0.3,0.0) | 0.2 (0.0,0.4) | < 0.001 | − 0.1 (− 0.3,0.0) | 0.2 (0.0,0.4) | < 0.001 |
Sex | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
Female | 21,650 (47.1%) | 1615 (18.1%) | 9289 (47.1%) | 654 (17.7%) | ||
Male | 24,319 (52.9%) | 7289 (81.9%) | 10,453 (52.9%) | 3035 (82.3%) | ||