| Stimulus | transcription factors | Cell surface markers | Cytokines | Functions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MMe macrophages | High levels of glucose, insulin, and palmitate [37] | p62 PPARγ [37] | ABCA1 CD36 PLIN2 [37] | IL-6 (NOX2-dependent) [38] | |
CD9 macrophages |  | AP-1 subunit JunB NF-κB subunit p65 | CD9 CD16 CD206 | IL-1α IL-18 TNF | Filled with lipids, and secret exosomes [40] |
Ly6c macrophages | Â | CD11b Ly6c | Factors that support vascular development and organization | Regulating adipogenesis process | |
MFehi macrophages | High iron | Â | CD163 Tfrc Hmox1 ferritin light and heavy chains (Ftl1 and Fth1, respectively) ceruloplasmin(Cp) ferroportin-1(Slc40a1) | IL-10 | |
Antioxidant macrophages (Mox) |  |  | • CX3CR1neg F4/80loHO1+Txnrd1 [44] |  | Predominant ATMs phenotype in lean adipose tissue. Response to oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) by upregulating Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes [45]. Antioxidant macrophages (Mox) require suppression of regular energy metabolism to produce the antioxidant glutathione [46]. |
Hybrid M1/M2 macrophages |  |  | • CD11c+CD206+ [47] • F4/80hiCD11c+CD206+ [44] |  | ATMs phenotype isolated from obese mice [44]. |
Macrophages in human visceral adipose |  |  | • CD14+CD16+CD36high [48] • CD14+CD16−CD163+ |  | Proinflammatory macrophages Anti-inflammatory macrophages |