Table 1 Baseline characteristics according to sleep duration
Variable | Sleep duration (h) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
≤5 (n = 2081) | 6.0 (n = 5387) | 7 (n = 5624) | 8.0 (n = 20,573) | ≥9 (n = 595) | ||
Questionnaire-based data | ||||||
Age, years | 54.18 ± 12.29 | 51.38 ± 12.45 | 48.59 ± 12.89 | 48.27 ± 12.61 | 46.11 ± 14.91 | < 0.001 |
Male, n (%) | 1741(83.66) | 4510(83.72) | 4396(78.17) | 15,052(73.16) | 427(71.76) | < 0.001 |
High school or above, n (%) | 386(18.55) | 1337(24.82) | 1941(34.51) | 3656(17.77) | 222(37.31) | < 0.001 |
Current smoker, n (%) | 1148(55.17) | 3016(55.99) | 2949(52.44) | 4883(23.73) | 299(50.25) | < 0.001 |
Current alcohol consumption, n (%) | 1127(54.16) | 3167(58.79) | 3183(56.60) | 5097(24.78) | 304(51.09) | < 0.001 |
Physically active, n (%) | 556(26.72) | 1216(22.57) | 1186(21.09) | 1647(8.01) | 110(18.49) | < 0.001 |
Snoring, n (%) | 458(22.01) | 976(18.12) | 891(15.84) | 1260(6.12) | 86(14.45) | < 0.001 |
Exam-based data | ||||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 811(38.97) | 1852(34.38) | 1758(31.26) | 7496(36.44) | 163(27.39) | < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128.70 ± 20.54 | 127.29 ± 20.04 | 125.14 ± 19.74 | 126.93 ± 20.16 | 123.01 ± 20.88 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 81.68 ± 11.23 | 81.13 ± 10.96 | 80.31 ± 10.97 | 81.85 ± 11.46 | 78.75 ± 11.42 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 148(7.11) | 315(5.85) | 288(5.12) | 1016(4.94) | 38(6.39) | < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L | 5.27 ± 1.38 | 5.21 ± 1.30 | 5.19 ± 1.20 | 5.22 ± 1.26 | 5.23 ± 1.42 | 0.915 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.37 ± 0.59 | 4.37 ± 0.57 | 4.35 ± 0.57 | 4.39 ± 0.57 | 4.29 ± 0.63 | < 0.001 |
Triglycerides, mmol/L | 0.98 ± 0.34 | 0.98 ± 0.33 | 0.97 ± 0.34 | 1.01 ± 0.33 | 0.95 ± 0.35 | < 0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.14 ± 0.64 | 2.14 ± 0.64 | 2.15 ± 0.62 | 2.08 ± 0.68 | 2.01 ± 0.67 | < 0.001 |
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.55 ± 0.36 | 1.55 ± 0.33 | 1.52 ± 0.32 | 1.55 ± 0.31 | 1.53 ± 0.32 | < 0.001 |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.11 ± 3.35 | 24.23 ± 3.32 | 24.25 ± 3.37 | 24.29 ± 3.37 | 24.04 ± 3.51 | 0.082 |
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0.66(0.28–1.80) | 0.64(0.25–1.70) | 0.70(0.29–1.70) | 0.65(0.22–1.87) | 0.80(0.27–2.00) | 0.088 |