Table 1 Demographics of the study population

Age, years

44.4 ± 10.2

52.7 ± 11.5

< 0.0001

Male, n (%)

39 (48.1)

46 (52.9)

0.4477

Hypertension, n (%)

0 (0)

73 (83.9)

–

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

5 (6.2)

68 (78.2)

< 0.0001

BMI, kg/m²

22.3 ± 3.0

29.2 ± 4.7

< 0.0001

Waist circumference, cm

75.7 ± 8.2

97.6 ± 9.7

< 0.0001

Hip circumference, cm

94.3 ± 6.9

104.0 ± 9.2

< 0.0001

Systolic BP, mmHg

116.0 ± 9.0

143.5 ± 21.3

< 0.0001

Diastolic BP, mmHg

70.1 ± 7.3

85.9 ± 15.1

< 0.0001

Heart rate, beats/min

75.3 ± 10.0

84.2 ± 12.8

< 0.0001

 HbA1c, %

5.4 ± 0.2

6.7 ± 0.9

< 0.0001

 AST, IU/L

17.7 ± 7.1

24.8 ± 8.9

< 0.0001

 ALT, IU/L

20.4 ± 5.4

32.0 ± 18.4

< 0.0001

 Creatinine, mg/dL

0.7 ± 0.2

0.8 ± 0.2

0.3018

 Glucose, mg/dL

86.1 ± 9.5

119.8 ± 26.4

< 0.0001

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL

187.9 ± 35.0

187.6 ± 30.7

0.9598

 HDL-C, mg/dL

67.7 ± 14.4

41.5 ± 9.0

< 0.0001

 LDL-C, mg/dL

116.5 ± 30.9

124.7 ± 27.6

0.1258

 Triglycerides, mg/dL

85.6 ± 27.4

208.7 ± 100.3

< 0.0001

 Uric acid, mg/dL

4.9 ± 1.1

5.8 ± 1.3

< 0.0001