Table 1 The potential role of leptin in selected skin diseases

Psoriasis

↑

- proinflammatory: promotion of Th1/Th17 axis (↑IL-1, IL-6, IL-17/23, ↑CXCL8, ↑TNF-α)

- angiogenesis: ↑JAK/STAT3 pathway

- keratinocytegenesis: ↑amphiregulin, ↑CXCL8

[45–48, 52–56, 58]

Systemic sclerosis

no change or ↓

- antifibrotic: ↓JAK/STAT3 pathway

[22, 68–70]

Systemic lupus erythematosus

↑

- proinflammatory: promotion of the Th1/Th17 axis, inhibition of Treg

- aging of mesenchymal stem cells (via the NAP-2 and PI3K-Akt pathway)

[22, 71–82]

Melanoma and non-pigment tumors

↑

- angiogenesis: ↑JAK/STAT3 pathway, ↑VEGF

- mitogenic

[83–87]

Skin tags

↑

- ↑keratinocyte and fibroblast growth

[93–96]

Hidradenitis suppurativa

↑

- proinflammatory: promotion of Th1

[97, 98]

Acne vulgaris

no change

- pro-inflammatory regulation of sebaceous lipid metabolism

[102–104]

Male androgenetic alopecia

↑

- unknown role

[105, 106]

Atopic dermatitis

no change

- ↑non-atopic th1 immune response

[112, 113]