Table 1 Baseline demographic characteristics, medications, and laboratory parameters
Variables | No comorbidity | Hyperlipidemia | DM | DM plus hyperlipidemia | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 2035 | 355 | 371 | 178 | |
Age (IQR), years | 47.0 (37.0–57.0) | 50.0 (39.0–61.0) | 60.0 (52.0–67.0) | 61.0 (52.2–68.0) | < 0.001 |
Men, % | 1191 (58.5%) | 176 (49.6%) | 232 (62.5%) | 98 (55.1%) | 0.003 |
Body mass index (SD), kg/m2 | 22.2 ± 5.5 | 23.5 ± 14.9 | 23.4 ± 3.7 | 23.9 ± 3.4 | < 0.001 |
Systolic BP (SD), mmHg | 148.8 ± 25.8 | 150.7 ± 24.7 | 152.9 ± 25.6 | 157.2 ± 23.2 | < 0.001 |
Diastolic BP (SD), mmHg | 88.6 ± 16.2 | 88.9 ± 14.8 | 82.1 ± 13.2 | 82.9 ± 14.4 | < 0.001 |
24-h urine volume (IQR), ml | 800.0 (500.0–1200.0) | 800.0 (425.0–1200.0) | 800.0 (500.0–1200.0) | 800.0 (462.5–1287.5) | 0.969 |
Current smoking, (%) | 192 (9.4%) | 45 (12.7%) | 36 (9.7%) | 21 (11.8%) | 0.239 |
Current alcohol consumption, (%) | 73 (3.6%) | 19 (5.4%) | 9 (2.4%) | 7 (3.9%) | 0.209 |
Hypertension, (%) | 1210 (59.5%) | 226 (63.7%) | 317 (85.4%) | 162 (91.0%) | < 0.001 |
Pre-existing CVD, (%) | 169 (8.3%) | 64 (18.0%) | 105 (28.3%) | 72 (40.4%) | < 0.001 |
Calcium channel blockers, (%) | 1446 (71.1%) | 299 (84.2%) | 291 (78.4%) | 165 (92.7%) | < 0.001 |
Beta blockers, (%) | 790 (38.8%) | 187 (52.7%) | 133 (35.8%) | 103 (57.9%) | < 0.001 |
Diuretics, (%) | 111 (5.5%) | 8 (2.3%) | 70 (18.9%) | 11 (6.2%) | < 0.001 |
ACEI/ARBs, (%) | 604 (29.7%) | 156 (43.9%) | 156 (42.0%) | 96 (53.9%) | < 0.001 |
Aspirin, (%) | 109 (5.4%) | 19 (5.4%) | 74 (19.9%) | 42 (23.6%) | < 0.001 |
Statins, (%) | 190 (9.3%) | 83 (23.4%) | 79 (21.3%) | 64 (36.0%) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (SD), g/dL | 9.0 ± 2.8 | 10.0 ± 2.7 | 9.5 ± 2.9 | 10.2 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 |
Serum albumin (SD), g/dL | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.4 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.619 |
Serum uric acid (SD), mg/dL | 7.0 ± 2.4 | 6.9 ± 2.2 | 6.6 ± 2.2 | 6.9 ± 2.5 | 0.076 |
eGFR (IQR), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 6.4 (4.7–8.2) | 6.3 (4.7–8.3) | 6.7 (4.9–8.9) | 6.5 (4.9–8.2) | 0.071 |
Cholesterol (IQR), mmol/L | 3.9 (3.0–4.7) | 3.8 (3.1.1–4.7) | 3.9 (3.1–4.7) | 4.1 (3.4–4.9) | 0.035 |
Triglyceride (IQR), mmol/L | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.923 |
High-density lipoprotein (IQR), mmol/L | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.826 |
Low-density lipoprotein (IQR), mmol/L | 2.1 (1.3–3.0) | 2.1 (1.3–3.0) | 2.1 (1.1–3.1) | 2.2 (1.3–3.3) | 0.316 |
hs-CRP (IQR), mg/L | 4.2 (1.9–13.1) | 4.5 (2.0–17.4) | 5.0 (2.1–20.8) | 4.2 (1.9–13.2) | 0.068 |